Determination of phytotoxicity of wastes of mechanical processing of polymer mixtures with their mechanical activation
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/biologiya2021.01.006
Анотація
Biotesting to assess the complex relationships between soil, contaminants and living organisms and to determine the impact on ecosystems of pollutants whose concentrations may be beyond the sensitivity of the methods of determination and the composition of which cannot be determined. The aim is to establish the level of phytoxicity of wastes of mechanical processing of polymer mixtures, which are extracted from solid household waste with the help of indicator plants. Methods. Evaluation of phytotoxic effects was performed by vegetation methods according to ISO: 17402-2008, 17126-2005a, 11269-1: 2012a, 11269-2: 2012b. Contamination levels of the test samples were assessed according to ISO 16198.Objects of research: watercress seeds, mustard, wheat, corn, soybeans, barley and sludge from the processing of polymer mixtures composed of polymer particles of different composition and quantity, along with the remnants of paper labels. Studies of the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni) were performed by atomic absorption method on a spectrophotometer type CAS-120.1 in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results. The studied sludge does not negatively affect the process of germination of watercress, mustard, corn. The level of phytotoxic effect of sludge on the germination of soybeans and barley was within acceptable limits and did not exceed 3.33%. The study of migration of heavy metals present in the sludge and their accumulation during the growth and development of plants showed their insignificant content regardless of the sludge content. Only the lead content was higher than in the control 2.13 times and 1.83 times higher than in "relatively clean soil". Conclusions. Determination of phytotoxicity of this type of sludge on the process of germination and vegetation changes of plants should be carried out on the most sensitive crops - watercress and mustard. A study of the migration of heavy metals present in the sludge and their accumulation during plant growth showed the presence of bound forms of heavy metals copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc - the migration of which has not been established. However, mobile forms of lead that migrate from the sludge and accumulate in plants have been identified.
Ключові слова
Повний текст:
PDF (English)Посилання
Convergence and Collaboration to Usher Circular Economy in the Plastics and Composites Industry. (Globe newswire) (2021). New York. Frost & Sullivan. 117 р. https://www.reportlinker.com/p06037575/?utm_source=GNW
Koch С, Sures В. (2019). Degradation of brominated polymeric flame retardants and effects of generated decomposition products, Hemosphere. 227.329-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.052.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519307003.
Krawiec P, Warguła Ł, Małozięć D, Kaczmarzyk P, Dziechciarz A, Czarnecka-Komorowska D. (2020). The Toxicological Testing and Thermal Decomposition of Drive and Transport Belts Made of Thermoplastic Multilayer Polymer Materials. 12.2232. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102232
Kandola B, Boudenne A, Kiekens P. (2016). Toxic Combustion Product Yields as a Function of Equivalence Ratio and Flame Retardants in Under-Ventilated Fires: Bench-Large-Scale Comparisons. Polymers. 8(9).330. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8090330
Pecquet A, McAvoy D, Pittinger C, Stanton K. Polymers (2019). Used in US Household Cleaning Products: Assessment of Data Availability for Ecological Risk Assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag.15(4):621-632. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4150.
The ECETOC Conceptual Framework for Polymer Risk Assessment (CF4Polymers) Technical Report. Brussels. ISSN-2079-1526-133-1. (2019). 133-1(1). https://www.ecetoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ECETOC-TR133-CF4Polymers.pdf
Henry B, Carlin J. Hammerschmidt J, et al. (2018). A critical review of the application of polymer of low concern and regulatory criteria to fluoropolymers. Critical Review. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 14(3).316-334. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4035
Lyubenova M, Boteva S. (2016). Toxicology - New Aspects to This Scientific Conundrum. Biotests in Ecotoxicology: Current Practice and Problems. InTech, October. 243 p. doi: 10.5772/62600
Methneni N, Morales-González J, Jaziri A, Mansour H, Fernandez-Serrano M. (2021). Persistent organic and inorganic pollutants in the effluents from the textile dyeing industries: Ecotoxicology appraisal via a battery of biotests. Environmental Research. 196 (1).1109-56. doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110956.
ISO 17402 - 2008 - Soil quality - Requirements and guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials. https://www.iso.org/standard/38349.html
ISO 17126 -2005a - Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.). https://www.iso.org/standard/31214.html
ISO 11269-1:2012a - Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth. https://www.iso.org/standard/51388.html
ISO 11269-2:2012b - Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 2: Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plants. https://www.iso.org/standard/51382.html
ISO 16198 - Soil quality - Plant-based test to assess the environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants. https://www.iso.org/standard/55834.html
MM 081/12-0009-01 Soils. Method of performing measurements of lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (2.0-100 mg/kg)) (in Ukrainian). http://online.budstandart.com/ru/catalog/doc-page?id_doc=76348
MМ 081/12-0117-03 Soils. Methods of measuring the mass fraction of mobile forms of nickel and cobalt by atomic absorption method) (in Ukrainian). http://online.budstandart.com/ru/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=90869
MМ 081/12-0012-01 Soils. Method of performing chromium measurements by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) (0.5-100 m/kg) (in Ukrainian). http://online.budstandart.com/ru/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=76345
MМ 081/12-0013-01 Soils. Method of performing zinc measurements by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (5-1000 mg/kg) (in Ukrainian). http://online.budstandart.com/ru/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=76346
Метрики статей
Metrics powered by PLOS ALM
Посилання
- Поки немає зовнішніх посилань.