Lexical-semantic peculiarities of the composite sentences of appeal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/philolog0(263).2017.013%20-%2019Abstract
Introduction. In modern Ukrainian and foreign linguistics many scientific works are devoted to multidimensional research of composite sentences of appeal. Certain attention is also paid to clarification of semantic peculiarities of the mentioned syntactic units. However, the scientists limited their research only by emphasizing of separate functional-semantic groups the main peculiarities of which are mainly semantics of request, order or appeal. Actuality of our study consists in determination of the lexico-semantic content of the main member of the composite sentences of appeal in the literal sense in modern Ukrainian literary language.
Purpose. The goal of the scientific article is to characterize the groups of lexico-semantic filling of the main member of the sentences of appeal of modern Ukrainian language, to outline their meaning abilities, that is their ability to embrace different names.
Methods. The main method of research of composite sentences of appeal is descriptive, aimed primarily to characterise the subgrammar of appeal (appeal), to clarify its features.
Results. Simple and complex composite sentences of appeal have complex and syncretic semantics: the main member concentrates in itself several meanings, which generally create emotionally vivid nomination of the recipient speech. The main meaning, as usually, is naming someone or something when appealing, and additional meaning may be different emotional attitude to the environment, its characteristics, evaluation etc.
The results of our research that the most commonly used are the sentences of appeal, which contain names of people. A person may be addressed by calling its: 1) name, surname or nickname; 2) social status (according to nationality, sex, age, family affiliation, profession); 3) personal characteristics (according to appearance, character, type of behaviour or actions (positive / negative characteristics), inner state, mood). Less used are composite sentences of appeal, the main member of which names the objects of flora (animals, birds) and fauna (trees, bushes, grasses, flowers).
Many composite sentences of appeal contain names of inanimate objects of surrounding reality, that is personalized names: objects, things, phenomena of nature, its laws, different properties, geographic concepts etc. This lexico-semantic group covers also various abstract names, which the speaker can refer to, if needed.
Originality. Scientific novelty of the results of the study is that for the first time in Ukrainian linguistics there was made an attempt to define possibilities of lexico-semantic content of the main member of the composite sentences of appeal.
Conclusion. Lexical meanings, expressed by the main member of the composite sentences of appeal, are extremely different. The speaker, depending on the communicative situation, can apply to both individuals and to any object of reality. This makes it possible to affirm that vocative sentences, as well as nominative, belong to composite nominative sentences.
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