Features of word-formation categories of Subjective evaluation
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/philolog0(257).2016.06%20-%2014
Abstract
The article analyzes the categorical approach to the study of grammatical structure, which led to a new aspect of the analysis of word-formation meanings of the evaluative component; a set of three categories is highlighted based on the syntactic principles: a non-predicative type, basic predicativity, additional predicativity; the characteristic features of the category of subjective evaluation and some potential means of its implementation are singled out.
A categorical approach is actively used to the study grammatical structures in Ukrainian linguistics so far, which led to a new aspect of analysis of formative suffixes and prefixes as means of meanings categorization of predicative and non-predicative components of basic syntactic structures.
Due to the division of the grammatical system into three subsystems, in particular, syntax, morphology and word formation. They have their own units and categories. This contributed to the input of a categorical syntax, a categorical morphology and a categorical derivation.
In linguistics the mechanism of formation of word-formation categories of all three types is highlighted. Word-formation categories of non-predicative type are formed in the main semantic-syntactic positions of non-predicative components, in particular, subjective, instrumental and locative.
The essence of this process is that the basic semantic elementary sentence in semantically elementary basic sentence in the initial semantic and syntactic position is divided into two components: the signifier and the signified.
Then the attributive component or one of attribute group members indicates emphasis, so that it forms the derivative root morpheme, the function of determinate component that matches the semantic and syntactic function of the appropriate syntaxeme in the sentence, embodies a suffix or a prefix or a suffix-prefix word-formation pair.
Word-formation categories of a non-predicative type are formed in the main semantic-syntactic positions of non-predicative components: subjective, instrumental and locative.
A characteristic feature of the evaluative category is a ternary of its structure, which is as follows on the axiological scale: the norm is localized in the central zone and performs a role of a neutral (average) evaluation; on either side of it there are two opposite expressions of emotional evaluation – positive and negative. Components of evaluative category are varied due to the degree of expression of the subjectivity of the evaluative meaning. It is high in positive and negative evaluative meanings as it is based on the emotional attitude of the speaker to the subject of evaluation and is insignificant in the values that convey the rational evaluation because it is based on the collective emotional and evaluative experience of the native speakers.
This is the meaning of objective increasing of realities. The degree of subjectivity of these meanings increases significantly if they are combined with positively evaluative meanings, that is, when there is a rational and emotional evaluation.
Word building categories of evaluative component are based on the syntactic principles and are a set of categories of three ranks: non-predicative type; basic predicativity; additional predicativity.
A category of a subjective evaluation is a category of word-formative type, because all kinds of its meaning realize word-formation means. The dominant of these means are noun suffixes of a modification function. A small group is adjectival evaluative suffixes and noun prefixes. A periphery of evaluative modifiers is expressed by suffixes of pronouns, numerals and verbs. A way of formation takes a special place among means of categorization.
Full Text:
PDF (Українська)References
Vykhovanetsʹ, I. R. (1996) Pryntsypy katehoriynoyi hramatyky ukrayinsʹkoyi movy [Categorical grammar principles of Ukrainian language] I. R. Vykhovanetsʹ // III Mizhnarodnyy konhres ukrayinistiv. Movoznavstvo (26 – 29 serpnya 1996 r.). – Kharkiv, - 177-181.
Horbunov, A. P. (1966) O sushchnosty ékspresyy v formakh eë realyzatsyy [About the essence of expression in the forms of its realization]. – M.: Yzd-vo MHU, 224-234.
Horodensʹka, K. H. (1994) Problema vydilennya slovotvirnykh katehoriy (na materiali imennyka) [Word creation categories isolation issues (in terms of a noun)]. Movoznavstvo. – 1994, 22-28.
Vykhovanets,ʹ I. R. (1988) Chastyny movy v semantyko-hramatychnomu aspekti [Parts of speech in semantical and grammatical aspects]. – K.: Nauk. dumka, 256.
Bezpoyasko, O. K., Horodensʹka, K. H. (1987) Morfemika ukrayinsʹkoyi movy [Morphemic of Ukrainian language]. – K.: Nauk. dumka, 211.
Belyavskaya, E. H. Otsenochnaya varyantnostʹ semantyky slov y frazeolohyzmov v kontekste [Valuation variability of words and word combinations semantics in context]. English phraseology in functional aspect: Sb. nauch. tr. MHYYYA ym. M. Toreza. – M., 1989. – Vyp. 336, 20-32.
Volʹf, E. M. (1985) Funktsyonalʹnaya semantyka otsenky (na materyale portuhalʹskoho yazyka) [Functional semantics of appraisal (on the example of Portuguese language)]. – M.: Nauka, 226.
Yvyn, A. A. (1970) Osnovanyya lohyky otsenok [Basics of appraisal logic]. – M.: Yzd-tvo MHU, 230.
Arutyunova, N. D. (1988) Typy yazykovykh znachenyy. Otsenka. Sobytye. Fakt [Types of lingual meanings. Appraisal. Occurrence, Fact]. – M.: Nauka, 339.
Telyya, V.N. (1986) Konnotatyvnyy aspekt semantyky nomynatyvnykh edynyts [Connotative aspect of nominative units’ semantics]/ V.N. Telyya. – M.: Nauka, 141.
Bessonova, O. L. (1995) Otsenka kak semantycheskyy komponent leksycheskoho znachenyya slova (na materyale sushchestvytelʹnykh – naymenovanyy lytsa v anhlyyskom, frantsuzkom y ukraynskom yazykakh) [Appraising as a semantic component of lexical meaning of the word (as exemplified in nouns as naming unit of person in English, French and Ukrainian language)]. Donetsk University, 184.
Khydel,ʹ S. S., Koshelʹ, H. H. (1981) Otsenochnyy komponent leksycheskoho znachenyya slova [Valuation component of word’s lexical meaning]. Inostr. yaz. v shk. - №4, 7-12.
Apresyan, Yu. D. (1983) Ratsyonalʹnoe y émotsyonalʹnoe v moraly [Rational and moral aspects in morality]. – M.: Yzd-vo MHU, 156.
Lukʹyanova, N. A. (1991) Ékspresyvnostʹ kak semantycheskaya katehoryya [Expressivity as a semantic category]. Yazykovye katehoryy v syntaksyse. – Novosybyrsk, 3-21.
Horodensʹka, K. H., Kravchenko M. V. (1981) Slovotvirna struktura slova [Word creation structure of the word]. – K.: Nauk. dumka, 200.
Shynkaruk, V. D. (2002) Katehoriyi modusu i dyktumu u strukturi rechennya [Modus and dictum categories in structure of a sentence]. Monohrafiya. – Chernivtsi: Ruta, 272.
Shynkaruk, V. D., Shutak L. B. (2002) Slovotvirna katehoryzatsiya subʺyektyvnoyi otsinky [Word creation categorization of subjective valuation]. Monohrafiya. – Chernivtsi; “Ruta, 126.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.