Технологія підготовки та переробки різних видів біомаси у біогазових установках

Автор(и)

  • С. А. ШВОРОВ
  • В. Є. ЛУКІН
  • Д. С. КОМАРЧУК
  • В. І. ТРОХАНЯК
  • В. В. УСТИМЧУК

Анотація

TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION AND PROCESSING OF DIFFERENT BIOMASS SPECIES IN BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS

S. Shvorov, V. Lukin, D. Komarchuk, V. Trokhanyak, V. Ustimchuk

 

In recent years, more attention has been paid to the study of bioconversion, production and energy use of biogas in Ukraine. In addition, the full and rapid implementation of biogas technologies for the processing of crop and livestock wastes will simultaneously radically improve the country's energy balance and the ecological state of the territories.

In practice, in existing biogas plants (BP) it is not posible to use different types of biomass, beacose they depends of the year season  and their non-optimal use can lead to a significant decrease level of output biogas of BP.

The purpose of the study is the development of biogas technology for the preparation and efficient processing of input substrates based on the control of oxidation-reduction potential and optimal dosage of special impurities for obtaining maximum volumes of biogas.

A promising avenue for eliminating this drawback is the development of a special technology for the preparation and processing of various types of biomass, with the help of which necessary conditions are created to obtain the maximum possible volume of biogas on the basis of the disruptive (cavitational) treatment of raw materials and the use of special additives. At same time, optimal dosing, heating and mixing of the substrate are carried out for various types of raw materials, which ensures the effective use of the entire volume of the BP tank, excludes formation of "passive" zones, sediment stratification, deposition of mineralized sediments and crust formation, and also helps to equalize the temperature field and improve gas formation .

With the help of the sensor REDOX, it is possible to measure the reduction rate of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) without depressurizing the cultivator in a liquid medium. A scale of  dyes (redox indicators) was developed to measure ORP during the growth of cultures of microorganisms in the range from -30 to -420 mV. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the stereometric distribution of redox zones in a liquid or agarized medium, the optimal dosage, destructive (cavitational) treatment of raw materials and various types of special additives is realized, which significantly increases  the level of output biogas of BP.

The use of the REDOX sensor in further research will enable us to measure not only the rate of change in the ORP in the culture medium but also visually determine the stereometric (zonal) distribution of the potential in the volume of the liquid medium and the distribution of the redox zones on the surface of the agar medium.

Посилання

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Опубліковано

2018-09-10

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