Створення системи обліку енергоресурсів в аспекті енергетичної безпеки держави і регіонів; деякі нормативно-правові аспекти

Анотація

Creation of a system of energy resources accounting in the aspects of energy security of the state and regions; Some legal and legal aspects

N.  Sokolovsky

Theoretical and methodological principles of guaranteeing energy security, including aspects of creating energy resources accounting systems and values, were reflected in the works of L.Hamanyuk, S. Denisyuk, M.Kovalka, A. Kyrylenko, B.Stognia, A.O. Sukhodoli. But despite the abundance of thorough scientific and scientific research in this area, the conditions for the creation of an automated system of accounting and control of energy consumption at the regional and national level, according to the uniform rules of database maintenance, are not legally supported.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the adequacy of regulatory legal regulation in the field of commercial accounting of energy resources in Ukraine and to find ways to improve legal provision in this area, including the creation of an automated system of accounting and control of energy consumption at the regional and national levels.

According to the results of the tasks of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035 "Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness" (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy), it is planned to achieve a reduction in the energy intensity of GDP by more than twice before 2035.

         The strategy envisages, in particular, to complete the reform of Ukraine's energy sector by 2025, achieve the priority targets for security and energy efficiency, provide its innovative renewal and integration with the energy sector of the EU, modernize and improve the accounting systems and attract consumers to manage their own energy demand resource.

It should be noted that the issue of accounting for the consumption of fuel and energy resources is regulated by the legislation of Ukraine not fully.

Currently, an automated system of commercial accounting of electric energy is being introduced in Ukraine.

Commercial accounting on the market of electric energy is organized by the administrator of commercial accounting and is carried out by the suppliers of commercial accounting services on a competitive basis subject to registration of the supplier of commercial accounting services and registration of their automated systems. Provision of commercial accounting services is provided by the suppliers of commercial accounting of electric energy, the administrator of commercial accounting in accordance with the procedure established by the code of commercial accounting, the rules of the electricity market. Market participants whose electrical installations are connected to electrical networks (except domestic consumers) have the right to freely choose the supplier of commercial accounting services.

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market of Ukraine", which came into force on April 13, 2017.

Thus, with regard to electricity accounting in Ukraine, the most developed and complete legal framework is created.

The situation in the field of natural gas accounting is more complicated. The legal basis for ensuring the commercial accounting of natural gas is the Law of Ukraine "On the Provision of Commercial Gas Metering", which provides, in particular, that economic entities that carry out the distribution of natural gas in the respective territory are obliged to ensure the installation of gas meters for the resident population. in apartments and private houses, in which gas is used, in particular, only for cooking - by January 1, 2018. In this case, in this case, it is not allowed for such consumers to stop the population of the meters in the planned terms of termination of the distribution of natural gas, and its registration to the moment of the installation of gas meters is carried out according to the consumption norms established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

 In order to achieve 100 % accounting in Ukraine, it is still necessary to install about 5 million gas individual meters. According to NKREKP, about 300,000 gas meters are installed per year, and in case of non-adoption of effective measures, at least 16-17 years old are required. Obzha fatally did not have time to install apartment meters and they were allowed to install the building.

 A lot of legislative initiatives registered in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine with regard to improving the relations between gas market actors, in particular the creation of a Single Base of Subscribers - Natural Gas Consumers, and the definition of the administrator who will be responsible for its management, the transition to taking into account physical and chemical parameters of natural gas, in particular nitrogen, sulfur content etc., from consumption units to units of energy. This should lead to a record of EU requirements.

Ukraine has announced the creation of a housing and communal services market. In order to create such a market, you need to be 100 % accountable.

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "On Commercial Accounting for Thermal Energy and Water Supply". In accordance with the final provisions of the Law, the equipment for the commercial accounting of buildings is obliged to carry out the operator of external engineering networks in the term: thermal energy - within a year from the date of entry into force of this Law;

- Hot and potable water for non-residential buildings - for one year, and for residential buildings - within two years from the date of entry into force of this Law.

It should also be noted that the issue of tariff formation in heat and water, approval of investment programs is planned to be transferred to places - up to 70% of the relevant licensees.

According to the head of NKREKP, the level of accounting for 2016 increased 1.5 times to 54 %, while approved investment programs envisage achieving 87 % of accounting equipment.

The draft Law "On the Unified State System for Monitoring the Production, Supply, Transportation, Consumption and Payment for Fuel and Energy Resources and Utilities (ECDM)" was submitted to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The said bill provides for common rules for the creation and maintenance of a unified energy accounting system through the mechanism for the creation of a state-owned enterprise, which should operate in accordance with the regulations approved by the Authorized Agency (State Agency for Energy Efficiency).

The creation of a state-owned enterprise for the functioning of the UES is the most controversial one.

Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The path to 100 % accounting of energy resources for today is of paramount importance in the aspect of Ukraine's energy security. The state must mobilize the necessary resources to resolve this issue by January 1, 2018. In connection with the enactment of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Commission that carries out state regulation in the spheres of energy and utilities", it is expedient to create a structural or separate unit only with this body, an independent regulator with the aim of creating an automated energy accounting system for the only rules for database maintenance.