Обґрунтування ефективного світлодіодного освітлення у спорудах закритого ґрунту

Анотація

THE SUBSTANTIATION OF EFFECTIVE LED LIGHTING IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSED SOIL

L. Chervinsky, T. Knizhka, A. Romanenko

Topicality. It is known that optical radiation, as an environmental factor, has a great influence on the growth, development and productivity of plants.

Analysis of the structure of energy consumption of greenhouses showed that the most energy intensive are the processes of irradiation and heating of plants. About 40% of electricity consumed by greenhouse farms is used for irradiation, so it is rational to look for ways to increase the profitability of enterprises, and therefore increase the vegetable production, through energy-saving production. In addition, it must be remembered that for today the main direction of development of agriculture is intensification, which provides for a primary increase in crop yields instead of building up areas under them. In this respect, it is important to ensure optimal parameters for the microclimate of greenhouses, including the quality of plant irradiation. Therefore, it is expedient to study in detail the influence of qualitative lighting parameters (spectrum and intensity) on the growth process and the morphological development of plants. The use of radically new sources of light in traditional technologies of irradiation of plants - LEDs, can significantly increase the indexes of final yield.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Vivchinny nourish vplyvu optical viprominyuvannya to rozvitok і productivity of Roslyn prichetі dosleniya bugatokh vchenii. It is brought, for normal growth and unfolding inexplicable svitlo spavnogo spectral store that attainable intensity in the course of the hour, viznachennogo. Вплив світла на врожай найбільш Significant і kompensuvati нестачу освітленості for economical reasons більш Problematically pіvіvnyano із компенсационією нестачі іншихxів. The intensity of the svіtla neobhіdnogo for normal protіkіnnia process photosynthesis is to be deposited in the badtooch factor, nayvazhlivіih з яких є kind of roslini, phenologic phase rozvitku, співвідношення довжини дня і ночі, gas warehouse, temperature віід від повітря.

Spectral warehouse svitla vlivaye on shvikist protiokaniya bіohimichnyh reakciy roslin: ultraviolet emissions (dovzhina hvilі - 380-400 nm) with a pleasant for rozadi and sky in the active vegetation and fruitfulness, zhvtogaryachi and chervon hvil (595-750 nm), to react to the intensive accumulation of biomass early tsvitinnyu. Zbilshennya various sinyo-fioletovyh promeniv (400-490 nm) are active processes of fruitfulness. Zhovto-zeleny hvil naimenshe poglinayutsya roslinami, viklikayut zbilshennya vitrat energii na dikhannya.

Energia svitla is absorbed by chlorophyll and carotenoids in leaflets of Roslin. The energy is vikoristuyutsya for vybrolenya zukrozi zvuglekslyogo gas (CO2), scho obscure the leaves. It was inserted, for the photosynthesis, to serve the chervon of promenades through the dzherle of energy. The spectral activity of photobiological processes in photomorphogenesis (formotvorennya "vrozhajnosti"). Yak can be seen of grafіku, naybіlsh іntensivna Smuga poglinannya sposterіgaєtsya in chervonіy oblastі spectrum, i mayzhe zovsіm not poglinaєtsya green-Shinyo-fіoletovoyu area.

The aim – to investigate the spectral composition of LED light sources and their influence on the growth and productivity of protected soil plants.

Materials and methods. In the process of research, methods of photometry, mathematical modeling and system analysis were used.

Results and discussion. New LED (LED) technology allows you to create light of any color and intensity. Using light-emitting diodes of different colors in different proportions, it is possible to form fixtures, to give the necessary amount of light only to the range that is actively consumed by plants. This will contribute to the rapid and harmonious development of plants.

By the correct selection of the light spectrum, the LED modules are approximately 85-100% more efficient for the normal course of the photosynthetic process in the plant than the existing sources of photosynthetic radiation, are economical and have a much longer period of continuous operation.

For the research, an experimental setup with LED modules was used. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory at a constant humidity of 70%, soil moisture of 65% of the temperature of the medium - 18 ° C and steady-state operation (16 hours of irradiation). The salad was chosen as the prototype, justifying it with high growth rates and unpretentiousness to the microclimate conditions. The optimal conditions for a microclimate for growing a salad are: air temperature 15-20 ˚С, air humidity 70-80%, soil humidity 60-70%.

Conclusions and Prospects. Based on the studies carried out, the positive effect of LED irradiation with a combined spectral composition, namely:

- when growing the research species with red spectrum irradiation - increase in stem height by 6.67%, leaf width by 2%, number of sheets at 9.32%;

- when growing a research species with irradiation with a blue spectrum spectrum - an increase in the stem height by 0.85%, the number of sheets by 1.59%, a decrease in leaf width by 10.1%;

- when growing a research species with a combined spectrum of 50% by 50% - an increase in stem height of 14.87%, a leaf width of 5.61%, a sheet number of 18.41%;

- when growing a research species with 65% (red) 65% (red) radiation irradiation (blue) - an increase in stem height of 23.41%, a leaf width of 10.2%, and a 23.52% sheet count.

Studies have shown that the optimal vipromyuvannya spectrum, namely plant irradiation combined spectrum of 65% (red) by 35% (blue).