Influence of fertilizers bifoliar micro-plant on the yield of various salad varieties (LACTUCA SATIVA L.)

Abstract

Introduction. Among the large variety of vegetable crops that are consumed daily by humans, particular interest is given by those that give early marketable products, generous in vitamins and nutrients. These crops include sown salad. Salad leaves improve digestion, increase appetite, show antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic and other types of actions. The traditional technology of growing sown salad requires the improvement and development of new technological measures aimed at the full use of the biological potential of varieties. One of the factors for increasing the yield is the use of microfertilizers. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of microfiber «Bifoliar Micro-Planet» for growing salad of the seed leaf varieties. Methods. The research was carried out in 2016-2017 on soddy-mediumpodzolic soils of the northern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine in the NPP «Fruit and Vegetable Garden» of NULES, Ukraine on the collection site of the Department of Horticulture. Varieties were studied in the studies - Affinia, Concord, Vinteks, Gauguin and Aquino Dutch breeding and microfiber «Bifoliar Micro-Plant», manufactured using nanotechnology.  The research was conducted according to the Methodology of research in vegetable growing and melon. The salad was planted in the first decade of April with a width of 30 cm spacing. The size of the plot was 5 m2. Indigenous feeding on vegetative experimental plants by microfertilizer was carried out twice in the phase of one or two true leaves and sockets of leaves (7-8 leaves per plant) in a dose of 0,5 l/ha. Control was an option without processing.
Phoenological observations, biometric measurements were carried out in two non-adjoining repetitions. The total crop was counted separately from each weighbridge with an accuracy of 0,01 kg. The data obtained in the experiments were processed by statistical methods of correlation and dispersion analysis on a PC using Microsoft Excel applications. Results and Discussion. Results of the research and their discussion. Analyzing biometric measurements of plants and their yield at the time of harvesting during the years of research, it was noted that all varieties showed a positive effect of the application of Bifoliar Micro-Plan. It was established that the height of plants before harvesting was higher in variants with microfertilizer treatment and amounted to 9.8-16.8 cm, whereas in control variants these parameters were 8.9-14,9 cm respectively. The greatest influence of microfertilizer on the leaf width was observed in the Concord variety. The number of sheets for the servings of Bifoliar Micro-plant varied depending on the variety at 0,9-14,1 pc/plant. The greatest influence of microfertilizer on the formation of leaves was noted in the varieties Aquino and Gauguin in the plants which formed – 116,2 and 89,3 pc. In all varieties, the average weight of the leaflet socket in the variants for processing Bifoliar MicroPlant had a higher index of 0,036-0,0776 kg than in non-treated versions. The analysis of the commercial yield of varieties of sown lettuce allowed to establish that for the use of Bifoliar Micro-plant the yield gains ranged from 12,2 to 24,1%, respectively. The highest yield increase was noted in the Aquino variety – 6,9 t/ha. The smallest effect of microfertilizer on planting of salad was found in the Concord variety, whose yield increase was 3,2 t/ha. Conclusions and perspectives. Thus, summing up the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of two-fold, non-root nutrition of planting salad of sowing during the vegetative growth of Bifoliar Micro-hlant made on the basis of nanotechnologies in a dose of 0,5 liters per hectare provided an increase in the yield of salad varieties by 3,2-6,9 t/ha in comparison with the control variants.