Yield formation turnip-rooted celery depending on scheme planting

Abstract

Celery is one of the most valuable spice-flavors, the popularity of which in Ukraine is growing ever more. However, some elements of the technology of growing this crop require further study and improvement in specific soil-climatic conditions. Our research was to study the yields of Celery Olive and Edward in providing them with different areas of nutrition in order to establish the optimum. Experiments were conducted in the private sector (Uzhhorod district, lowland Zakarpattya region). The celery was grown by seedling method and in the phase of 4-5 leaves it was planted broadly in open ground according to the schemes: 45x20 cm; 60x20 cm; 50x30 cm During cultivation of seedlings in cassettes, no significant differences in the duration of interphase periods between plants and years have been observed. So, the first ladder in both varieties appeared in 6-7 days, after 4 days the stairs appeared massively. The longest in both varieties was the period between the appearance of the second and third leaves - 13-14 days. However, the formed seedlings differed in height (Yabluchna- 4,1 cm, Edward - 3,6 cm). With almost identical total weight of plants (3.0 and 2.9 g, respectively), the Yabluchna mass of the above-ground part reached 2.0 g, in the Edward variety - 1.6 g. The weight of the root system, by contrast, was somewhat higher in the variety Edward Elongated seedlings of the Yabluchna variety were at 93%, Edward variety - 95%. There is also a significant increase in height (more than twice for both varieties) after 30 days after planting the seedlings. The highest altitude in a month after planting - 11.0 cm was achieved by the plants of the Yabluchna variety in the variant with a scheme of placement of 50 × 30 cm, and Edward variety - in the variant with a supply area of 60 × 20 cm (10.0 cm). Significant differences in plant height in different variants of this variety until the end of the first decade of July were not noticed. The intense growth of the height of celery plants in various variants was observed until mid-August. The last record was held at the end of the second decade of September, shortly before the harvest. The height of the plant varieties of Yabluchna varied from 42.5 to 46.0 cm and was the highest in the food area 60 × 20
cm. In the Edward variety, this figure was within the range of 42.8-47.1 cm and reached a maximum at a supply area of 45 × 20 cm It was established that increasing the height of plants increased the number of leaves. The beginning of the formation of root crops was noticed at the end of the first decade of July. In August, plants have formed enough large-sized root crops to begin to break the leaves, resulting in the strawiness of plants somewhat reduced. The largest diameter of the leaflet socket at the time of the first record (10 days after planting) was in the Yabluchna (7.9 cm) in the variant with a supply area of 50×30 cm and in the Edward variety (6.7 cm) in the food area 60 × 20 cm In another two decades (30 days after planting) the maximum value reached this mark in the Yabluchna (15.5 cm) and Edward (13.0 cm) varieties in the same variants. Two months after planting the seedlings (the end of the second decade of July), a sharp increase in the diameter of the outlet was noted on all variants of both varieties. Compared to the account taken at the end of the first decade of July, the diameter of the socket in the Yabluchna variety grew by 9.5-10.3 cm, in the Edward variety - by 8.4-9.6 cm. During this accounting, the closing of leaves in Yabluchna variety in varieties with a supply area of 60×20 cm and 50×30 cm, where the diameter of the socket was 31.0 cm, and the Edward variety in the variant with a food area of 60 × 20 cm with a diameter of the socket of 30.1 cm. The last record, carried out several days before harvesting, showed that the largest diameter of the socket formed the plants of the Yabluchna (51.1 cm) and Edward (47.1 cm) varieties with a feed area of 50×30 cm. After harvesting, conducted in the phase of technical maturity of root crops, their biometric parameters were determined. The average weight of root crops was especially noticeably changed in various variants of the Yabluchna (in 2016 - from 84.7 to 130.0 g, in 2017 - from 95.1 to 157.0 g). Average values of the mass of root crops in the years of research reached a maximum in both varieties in variants with an area of supply of 50 × 30 cm. The grade of Yabluchna was formed in this variant, root crops weighing 130.2 g. Similarly, on this basis were edible varieties of Edward. The height and diameter of the root crops changed significantly less, and the maximum values, both in some years and on average, were also achieved for cultivation with the largest supply area in the experiment. The mold index was the most stable in both varieties with variants with an area of supply of 50 × 30 cm, where it was 1, and Edward's variety was also on the variant 60 × 20 cm (1.1). The yield of commodity root crops in the Yabluchna variety in the first year of research was the highest in the layout of 60 × 20 cm and amounted to 10.8 t / ha, and in the following year - under the arrangement of 45 × 20 cm and reached 16.1 t / ha. In the Edward variety, in 2016, and in 2017, the largest harvest was harvested in a variant with a supply area of 45 × 20 cm. According to the years, it was 8.7 and 16.9 t / ha. The maximum average yield of root crops for both varieties was fixed for the variant