Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
type: channel
description: ISSN: 2706-7696 (Online), ISSN: 2706-7688 (Print) Scientific Herald of NULES of Ukraine. Series: Agronomy → Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science» Subject: Agriculture, crop, soil science, agricultural chemistry, breeding, horticulture, harvest handling, storage and processing of crop production. Year established: 2010 Founders: National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Published 4 times a year Certificate of registration: KV № of 17091-5861 28.09.2010 Registration MES of Ukraine: Order number 528 of 12/05/2015 Speciality DAK: Agriculture Languages of the publication: Ukrainian, Russian, English. Address: Heroyiv Oborony st., 15, Kyiv-03041, Ukraine. Phone: +38 044 527 87 20 Indexed in the following international scientometric databases: <img src="[binary]" alt="" width="195" height="71" /> Ulrichsweb AGRIS Google Scholar MIAR BASE ResearchBib The main purpose of the journal is the promotion of agronomy and related areas. Its main purpose is publishing articles of problem-techniques in production, synthesis and methodical, which highlights research results with statistical data with theoretical and practical significance relevant to agriculture and not previously published. <a href="https://www.google.com.ua/maps/place/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B/@50.3847323,30.4999163,14.5z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x9350245bf49c543d!8m2!3d50.3836994!4d30.4947743?hl=ru">
language: en
publication name: Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
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items: Long-term monitoring of aridization in agriculture before change and for climate change in Ukraine
items: Influence of farming systems and soil tillage of wheat main pests
items: The influence of drop irrigation and loading of inflorescences on the growth and development of the mother bushes of grapes
items: The method of obtaining soil's water-physical properties via their a granulometric composition
items: Hydrogen mode of black earth normal in tekhnology "No-till»
items: Characteristics of the source material, which resistant to ear blight of wheatgrass and root rots, for breeding of winter wheat
items: Spectral evaluation of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines during the restoration of spring vegetation
items: Biological efficacy of herbicides against apera spica-venti and other weeds in winter wheat crops during autumn application
items: Formation the elements of productivity of winter wheat by seed dressing application the slow-acting complex fertilizers
items: The influence of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Bacteria and substances of stimulating nature on the productivity of the soybean plant and the damage of seeds by pathogens
items: Agrophysical properties of soil for winter barley cultivation in Transcarpathia of Ukraine
items: Realization of genetic potential of sunflower hybrids under the influence of nutritional conditions
items: The change of the main agrochemical indicators of the sod-podzolic soil for the submission of the municipal wasterwater under the artichoke
items: Determination of pesticide residues by chromatographic methods for food safety
items: Influence abiotic factors on the growth and development of plants parsnip
items: Qualitative characteristics of the fungus Cyclocybe Aegerita Strains 2229, 2230, 2231 under industrial cultivation conditions
items: Influence of systematic fertilizer on soil fertility for corn growing on grain
items: Peculiarities of change in number and composition of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome in the process of ontogenesis
items: Yield of winter wheat depending on preceding crops in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine
items: Influence of farming systems and soil tillage on available moisture stocks of typical black soil in spring wheat crops
items: Effect of fertilizer on nutritional value of feed alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe
items: https://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Agronomija/en/article/view/15392
items: Peculiarities of pigment complex functioning of winter wheat plants depending on the fertilizer application method
items: Evaluation of parsnip varieties (Pastinaca Sativa l.) on productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Right bank Forest steppe of Ukraine
items: Influence of fertilization with green manure and treatment on yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley
items: Antagonistic activity of dominant strains of bacteria of spring barley rhizosphere against phytopathogenic micromycetes
items: Methodical approaches to plant identification in high-resolution images in multispectral monitoring using UAVS
items: Productivity of seed potatoes with local application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
items: Spectral assessments of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the autumn period
items: Productivity of winter barley depending on preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine

Long-term monitoring of aridization in agriculture before change and for climate change in Ukraine
type: item
description: The results of systematic monitoring in Ukraine of drought manifestations by the method of generalization of spring, summer and autumn droughts conducted by I. Ye. Buchynsky for 1872-1969 and our meteorological generalizations by types of weather (1951-1984) and clearly expressed zonal climate changes (1985-2006) and statistical and local signs of climate aridization at the meteorological station in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe (" Shepherds ") – 2006-2020, covering a total historical period of 150 years. According to the spatial distribution of droughts, determined by a single method, from 1982 to the late 60s of the twentieth century. Mainly in the south of Ukraine, in 2 years. The number of moderate and extensive droughts since the early twentieth century. (11-30 % of the area of distribution), characteristic of the summer period, and they are repeated in the south in 4-5 years. Catastrophic droughts (more than 50%) are characteristic of large areas for every tenth year, which, since the last quarter of the nineteenth century and to the 50s of the twentieth century. Ended in famine for the population (especially the droughts of 1891, 1921, 1947). Subsequent droughts in 1963 and 1968 were characterized by abnormal weather conditions, but without a food crisis, which was associated with the beginning of chemicalization and the increase in agricultural crops. Meteorological indicators of six stations in different climatic zones for 1951-1981 and 1985-2008 indicate a zonal systematic increase in positive air temperatures with decreasing precipitation, the deficit of which is compensated by the system of agriculture with moderate saturation of organic and mineral fertilizers, which have a stabilizing effect extreme years. From the last quarter of the twentieth century. Climate change has been identified, which is related not only to the greenhouse effect, but also to the frequency that depends on the ecliptic of the globe. Particularly noticeable climate chan…
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: seasonal droughts
  topic: keywords
subject: air temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: fertilizers
  topic: keywords
subject: productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: regularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: E. H. Dehodyuk
creator: S. E. Dehodyuk
creator: Yu. P. Borko
creator: O. A. Litvinova
creator: Yu. O. Ihnatenko
creator: A. O. Mulyarchuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 102
ending page: 114
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.102

Influence of farming systems and soil tillage of wheat main pests
type: item
description: The intensification of agriculture has a number of negative consequences, and the conservation of land resources during their active exploitation is an important problem nowadays, paying attention to the ever-growing food increase necessity. The world organic farming practice shows that we are very limited in the agricultural crops pests regulation. Artificial natural enemies increasing and the landscape altering to enhance biological control are not popular solutions and have contradictory efficiency. Monitoring of the winter wheat entomocomplex number was carried out according to conventional methods. It was performed at 48 plots, where 12 variants were placed in 4 replicates during 2019 - 2021. The article contains the research results show that farming systems have a significant impact on the main winter wheat pests, and that they can control the ecological system at the level of the economic harm threshold. The way the soil was treated did not change the number of Schizaphis graminum R., Eurygaster integriceps P., and Oulema melanopus L., while chisel cultivation of 20–22 centimeters provided regulation of Anisoplia austriaca H. and Haplothrips tritici Kurd number way more below the dangerous level for years of observation. Whenever the soil was treated to a depth of 6-8 centimeters, the number of these pests increased significantly and varied from 2.0 ind./m2 to 14.4 ind./m2. Therefore, this data shows the efficiency of insecticidal winter wheat treatments multiplicity reduction in an ecological system without the risk of crop loss due to the plant damaged by pests in combination with chisel soil cultivation.
subject: Землеробство
  topic: section
subject: phytophagous
  topic: keywords
subject: chisel
  topic: keywords
subject: plowing
  topic: keywords
subject: disking
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological cultivation of winter wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: Землеробство
  topic: disciplines
creator: N. Shpyrka
creator: S. P. Tanchyk
creator: O. S. Pavlov
creator: A. I. Babenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 60
ending page: 67
doi: 10.31548/10.31548/agr2021.04.060

The influence of drop irrigation and loading of inflorescences on the growth and development of the mother bushes of grapes
type: item
description: The high yield of grafted grape seedlings and their quality depend on many factors, including the quality of graft and rootstock components, which in turn is determined by proper care of the mother plantations of grape. Their farming techniques should be aimed at better growth and maturation of shoots. On mother bushes, the technological reception of shoot fragments is mandatory, partial removal of inflorescence is not so common in the agricultural techniques of mother plantings, but has a positive effect on the overall development of plants. Mother plantings should be irrigated if possible, as insufficient moisture supply negatively affects the condition of the bushes throughout the growing season and winter. In this work, the effect of partial removal of inflorescence (load of inflorescence 100, 75 and 50% of their total number) on mother bushes and the effect of different irrigation regimes (levels of pre-irrigation soil moisture 90, 80 and 70% of the lowest moisture capacity) on the condition of mother plantations, in particular on physiological, biochemical and biometric parameters of plants. It is shown that irrigation of bushes and reduction of inflorescence load to 50 and 75% of their total number stimulated the accumulation of chlorophyll in the leaves of mother plants, improved watering of leaf tissues, increased respiration during active growth and development of grapes. There is a positive effect of irrigation and reducing the load of inflorescence bushes to 50 and 75% on the biometrical parameters of mother grape bushes. The largest values of the total length of shoots and the degree of their maturation were in the bushes of variants with 90% the lowest moisture capacity, 50% inflorescence, 80% the lowest moisture capacity 50% inflorescence, 70% the lowest moisture capacity 50 and 75% inflorescence. Thus, effective irrigation regimes and reducing the load of inflorescence contributed to the growth of medium and strong full-fledged shoots, which are more…
subject: Плодоовочівництво
  topic: section
subject: graft mother planting of grapes
  topic: keywords
subject: level of pre-irrigation soil moisture
  topic: keywords
subject: number of inflorescences
  topic: keywords
subject: watering of leaf tissues
  topic: keywords
subject: respiration intensity
  topic: keywords
subject: pigment content
  topic: keywords
subject: biometrical indicators of bushes
  topic: keywords
creator: N. N. Zelenyanska
creator: O. I. Gogulinska
creator: N. V. Podust
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 126
ending page: 137
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.126

The method of obtaining soil's water-physical properties via their a granulometric composition
type: item
description: The method of obtaining water-physical properties of soils (basic hydrophysical characteristics (BHC) and moisture conductivity function) is presented. These properties, or functions, allow us to describe the vertical movement of moisture in unsaturated soils as one of the components of the expenditure item of the water balance. They are widely used in the substantiation of water reclamation and in the modeling of moisture transfer in the soil. The method is based on laboratory studies of soil samples taken in the field on the granulometry composition. The results of laboratory test now in Ukraine are usually obtained by the method of Kaczynski with two components, the percentage of clay and sand. They are graphically, with the help of integral (cumulative) curves are transformed into data corresponding to the international classification - with three components: the content of sand, dust, clay. The latter fractional distribution is used by the world community of soil scientists. Therefore, using data on the content of sand, silt, clay, using a computer program with open access "Rosetta" USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) the water-physical properties in the form of water constants: the saturated soil moisture, the residual soil moisture, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the coefficients of the equations of the mathematical model of van Genuchten are calculated. The publication provides examples of calculation of water-physical properties of soils by the presented method of dark chestnut soils and ordinary chernozems. The advantages of the proposed method include the low complexity of experimental studies, the availability of analyzes and the presence of many experimental studies of the granulometry composition of soils, including in literary sources. As a development of the research direction, the author shows the application of the obtained dependence for modeling moisture transfer during water reclamation (irrigation in irrigation control sys…
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: Soil properties
  topic: keywords
subject: integral (cumulative) curves of distribution of soil fractions
  topic: keywords
subject: computer program "Rosetta" USDA
  topic: keywords
subject: total moisture content
  topic: keywords
subject: the lowest hygroscopic moisture content
  topic: keywords
subject: filtration coefficient
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
subject: Гідрофізика
  topic: disciplines
creator: V. P. Kovalchuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 115
ending page: 125
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.115

Hydrogen mode of black earth normal in tekhnology "No-till»
type: item
description: Studies of the influence of different technologies of ordinary chernozem cultivation on the reserves of productive moisture for growing corn for grain and winter wheat in the steppe zone of Ukraine The parameters of productive moisture at the technology of growing field crops with "zero tillage" of the soil ("No-till") relative to the shelf plowing are determined. Inserted. That the system "No-till" contributes to a significant reduction in moisture loss due to unproductive evaporation at a high rate of absorption of precipitation, provides reliable protection of soil from erosion. When covering the soil surface close to 100% in summer under corn, the reserves of productive moisture in the root layer are 1.5 and more times higher than the corresponding reserves with traditional technology; in the absence of mulch, the humidification regime with the technology without tillage is more intense than traditional. The regime of soil moisture under winter wheat for corn for silage is better by "zero" technology, but no significant difference between the options for an average of 3 years. In the snowless winter with "zero" technology with mulch, the height of snow cover was 3.2 times higher than traditional technology. It was found that a prerequisite for growing crops without tillage in the area of insufficient moisture is the creation of a thick layer of mulch due to the non-commodity share of crop yields, which in crushed form remains on the soil surface. Projective mulch coverage of 100% or close to this level is the key to the widespread introduction of cultivation technologies without tillage in arid steppe conditions.
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: productive moisture reserves
  topic: keywords
subject: common chernozem
  topic: keywords
subject: corn for grain
  topic: keywords
subject: winter wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: No-till system
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Yu. Bulygin
creator: S. V. Vitvitskyy
creator: M. E. Bulygina
creator: O. I. Vitvitska
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 91
ending page: 101
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.091

Characteristics of the source material, which resistant to ear blight of wheatgrass and root rots, for breeding of winter wheat
type: item
description: Diseases of winter wheat significantly reduce grain yield and quality. Losses of gross grain yield because of them annually make 20-30%, and in epiphytotic years – 50%. An effective measure to limit the development of winter wheat diseases is the introduction of resistant varieties. Successful development of selection work in this direction is impossible without the use of a gene pool of stable forms. Among the genetic resources of wheat are genotypes that are resistant to several pathogens simultaneously, and therefore have special value as sources of group resistance. There is a constant need to identify new sources and donors of resistance to pathogens, the search for which is a relevant area of research and requires constant screening of the gene pool. The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat is constantly working to create a source of breeding material for winter wheat, resistant to major pathogens, which are then used by breeders. According to the selection program for resistance to ear blight of wheatgrass and root rot, the following lines have been created: Lutescens F. g. 163/19, Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 Erythrospermum F. g. 166/19, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19, which are used by breeders of the institute and transferred to the National center for plant genetic resources of Ukraine. According to the indicator of the vegetation period duration, the line Erythrospermum F. g. 164/19 in which the growing season was 238 days, which is 3 days less than the standard variety Podolyanka. It belongs to the group of early forms. High weights of 1000 grains were observed in the lines Erythrospermum Fg164/19 – 50.6 g, Erythrospermum Fg166/19 – 49.3 g, Erythrospermum Fg163/19 – 46.5 g and Erythrospermum Ch177/19 – 47.3 g. In terms of yield, the standard exceeded the Lutescens F. g. 163/19 – at 38.8 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 177/19 – at 39.6 g/m2, Erythrospermum C. h. 175/19 – at 26.7 g/m2. High protein content was discerned at lines …
subject: Селекція і насінництво
  topic: section
subject: breeding
  topic: keywords
subject: wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: line
  topic: keywords
subject: disease
  topic: keywords
subject: lesions
  topic: keywords
subject: resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: grain quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Селекція рослин
  topic: disciplines
creator: L. A. Murashko
creator: T. I. Mukha
creator: H. Kovalyshyna
creator: Yu. M. Dmytrenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 80
ending page: 90
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.080

Spectral evaluation of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines during the restoration of spring vegetation
type: item
description: Development of new and introduction of existing methods of field estimation of genotypes of winter wheat is one of the key tasks of modern selection. The use of modern screening methods in breeding allows the breeder to obtain a more objective assessment, as well as to increase the volume of the studied samples. The time of restoration of spring vegetation (TRSV) is one of the most important stages of the vegetation period of winter wheat. Biometric and spectral evaluation of winter wheat with the onset of TRSV makes it possible to establish how plants of a certain genotype overwintered, as well as the state of their growth and development before the second growing season. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of growth and development of plants of modern varieties and promising selection lines of winter wheat of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat from sowing to the restoration of spring vegetation. Hydrothermal conditions of the period of germination-TRSV differently affected the reproductive process of the studied genotypes of winter wheat. According to research, abnormally arid conditions from sowing to the end of autumn vegetation in 2019 had a negative impact on the condition of winter wheat plants, which were in phase 10-13 according to the international classification of BBCH, autumn tillering did not occur. Regardless of the genotype, the plants of the first sowing period were more developed. At the time of resumption of spring vegetation in terms of biometric and spectral indicators better than the standard Podolyanka (NDVI = 0.52) were: varieties MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.58), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.56), Balada Myronivska (NDVI = 0.56) and lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.55) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.58). During the second sowing period, the MIP Dnipryanka variety (NDVI = 0.45) and the selection lines Lutescens 37519 (NDVI = 0.44) and Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.43) were isolated. The Podolyanka standard variety had an N…
subject: Селекція і насінництво
  topic: section
subject: soft winter wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: varieties
  topic: keywords
subject: breeding lines
  topic: keywords
subject: recovery time of spring vegetation
  topic: keywords
subject: NDVI index
  topic: keywords
subject: biometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: morpho-physiological analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: R. I. Topko
creator: H. M. Kovalyshyna
creator: G. B. Vologdina
creator: O. V. Gymenyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 68
ending page: 79
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.068

Biological efficacy of herbicides against apera spica-venti and other weeds in winter wheat crops during autumn application
type: item
description: The autumn application of herbicides in is an effective measure to control the most harmful species of winter weeds, such as Apera spica-venti, Galium aparine, Veronica persica, Consolida regalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Descurainia Sophia, Vicia villosa etc. These measures are especially effective in the early stages of wheat growth, starting from the seed germination stage, when it is most sensitive to the presence of weeds. The article presents the results of two-year studies on the biological effectiveness of herbicide Pledge 50, WP in different periods of development of winter wheat (BBCH 00, 11, 12, 14 and 16) alone and in a mixture with herbicides partners: Zenkor Liquid 600, SC, Marathon, SC, Granstar Gold 75, WG, Grodil Maxi 375, OD and adjuvant Skaba, EC. As a result, it was found that the biological effectiveness of the studied herbicides against Apera spica-venti and other winter and winter weeds differed significantly depending on the phase of development of winter wheat at the time of their application. Pre-ceed application of herbicides does not provide proper control of Apera spica-venti and other winter and winter weeds. For the period of spring vegetation of wheat, the control of Apera spica-venti with the use of 0.1 kg / ha of Pledge 50, WP was 69.0 %, with an overall efficiency of 68.0 %. Application of 0.4 l / ha Zenkor Liquid 600, SC provided indicators, respectively, 66.1 and 71.4 %. The application of 0.1 kg / ha of Pledge 50, WP to the BBCH 11 phase of wheat provided high control efficiency of Apera spica-venti and all weeds in general with rates of 91.2 and 87.6 %, respectively. The use of a reduced rate of 0.08 kg / ha Pledge 50, WP in the BBCH 12 phase did not reduce both the overall effectiveness against weeds – 87.4 % and Apera spica-venti, in particular – 93.1 %. The use of Pledge 50, WP (0.1 kg / ha) in the BBCH 16 phase was slightly worse, but the acceptable effect was 84.2 % against Apera spica-venti and 83.6 % overall. The best co…
subject: Землеробство
  topic: section
subject: winter wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: herbicides
  topic: keywords
subject: biological efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Apera spica-venti
  topic: keywords
subject: Galium aparine
  topic: keywords
subject: Veronica persica
  topic: keywords
subject: Consolida regalis
  topic: keywords
subject: Capsella bursa-pastoris
  topic: keywords
subject: Descurainia Sophia
  topic: keywords
subject: Vicia villosa
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Землеробство
  topic: disciplines
creator: O. Pavlov
creator: A. Babenko
creator: A. Andrushchenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 50
ending page: 59
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.050

Formation the elements of productivity of winter wheat by seed dressing application the slow-acting complex fertilizers
type: item
description: Optimization of plant nutrition in the initial stages of the development is important for the formation of productive elements of the main and additional spikes and grain yield. The article presents the results of the studying of the effect of slow-release chlorine-free fertilizers in seed dressing application at the rate of 100 kg/ha on the formation of productive elements in winter wheat compared with the zone control (nitroammophoska) and a variant without fertilizers. Field research was conducted in 2019–2021 on winter bread wheat cultivars Bohdana and Samurai. The fertilizers produced by FertinAgro were studied: DuraSOP with the content of NPK(S) – 9:20:12:(15), 10:10:17:(20), and 4:26:12:(10). It is established that the influence of weather conditions on the variability of grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight significantly exceeded the studied factors in both cultivars. The formation of productivity elements under the impact of the studied fertilizers depended on the cultivars and manifested themselves in different ways in different weather conditions. DuraSOP fertilizers did not have a significant difference in the effect on grain number and weight per spike in cv. Bohdana compared to the control in arid conditions, but grain weight from spike increased to 1.74–1.78 g compared to the application of nitroammophoska, and grain number per spike varied insignificantly under favorable conditions. Application of DuraSOP fertilizers in cv. Samurai allowed to form 1.17–1.21 g of grain in spike under the arid conditions and 1.47–1.49 g – in the favorable conditions, which did not differ significantly from the control. The DuraSOP ActiBION increased the number of productive shoots by 8.4% and DuraSOP Phos – by 7.7% in cv. Bohdana, while only DuraSOP Phos significantly affected the productive shoots in cv. Samurai (an increase of 3.8%). Application of slow-release fertilizers allows obtaining grain yield of 6.58 to 7.03 t/ha in cv. Bohd…
subject: Рослинництво та кормовиробництво
  topic: section
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: protein
  topic: keywords
subject: standing density
  topic: keywords
subject: cultivar
  topic: keywords
subject: thousand kernel weight
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: B. O. Mazurenko
creator: S. M. Kalenska
creator: L. M. Honchar
creator: M. Ya. Hrygirevskiy
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 7
ending page: 16
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.007

The influence of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Bacteria and substances of stimulating nature on the productivity of the soybean plant and the damage of seeds by pathogens
type: item
description: Soybeans are a strategic legume for global agriculture and play an important role in ensuring the food security of many countries. At the same time, biotic factors, in particular pathogens, prevent high and high-quality crop yields. Their control is carried out using various methods and techniques. However, with an excessive increase in the use of chemical pesticides, the ecological situation in agrocenoses becomes more complicated. Therefore, it is important to reduce the pesticide load in crop production technologies. The aim of the research is to evaluate the influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and substances of stimulating nature on the productivity of soybean plants and seed damage by pathogens. The experiments were performed in the conditions of the Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest podzolic heavy loam. Xenia soybean variety was used for research. Field research was performed according to generally accepted methods. Soybean crops were sprayed during the growing season in the following periods: true trifoliate leaf, flowering and bean formation. For the treatment of soybean plants used a preparation based on bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens with a titer of 3 x 109 CFU/cm3 with a rate of 5.0 l/ha when used in combination with substances with stimulant action. Over the years of research, the amount of precipitation (in some months of the growing season of soybean plants) was higher than the average monthly long-term norm. Pre-harvest desiccation of crops was not performed. Phytopathological examination of seeds obtained from soybean plants under different treatments was carried out according to DSTU 4138-2002. Studies have shown a positive effect of the drug based on P. fluorescens and substances of a stimulating nature on the biometric parameters of soybean plants and their productivity. In particular, the weight of 1000 seeds in the variants with s…
subject: Рослинництво та кормовиробництво
  topic: section
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: plant productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: seed infestation
  topic: keywords
subject: fungi
  topic: keywords
creator: M. P. Solomiychuk
creator: M. Y. Pikovskyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 28
ending page: 36
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.028

Agrophysical properties of soil for winter barley cultivation in Transcarpathia of Ukraine
type: item
description: The article presents importance, objectives and results of different methods of basic tillage under different predecessors for its agrophysical properties for growing winter barley in Transcarpathia Ukraine. Soils of the experimental field are soddy podzolic gleyed, which contain on average 2.6% humus in the humus horizon. With depth, the amount of humus decreases gradually and at a depth of 100-130 cm it reaches another 1,0-1,7%. The soil is typical for the research area, on average provided with mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Qualitative assessment of the surveyed soils showed that the soils require constant use of organic and mineral fertilizers, liming and crop rotation. Soil density is an important indicator of the physical properties of the soil, which affects not only on soil conditions, but also on its quality of cultivation, which ultimately effects on the yield and quality of the crop. During the sowing period of winter barley, the most favorable indicators of the bulk density of 0-10 cm of the soil layer were provided by all main tillage systems. The average soil density in the variants of the main cultivation ranged from 1.09 to 1.17 g/cm3, at HIP0,5 0.01 g/cm3. At a depth of 10-20 cm, the average volumetric mass of the soil during plowing was 1.14 g/cm3, during chisel cultivation it was without significant differences – 1.15 g/cm3. Conducting shallow tillage by 12-14 cm and surface by 6-8 cm was accompanied by an increase in bulk density to 1.16 and .1.19 g/cm3, respectively. Situation was similar in the soil layer 20-30 cm: for shallow tillage the average density was at the level of 1,24 g/cm3, and for surface - 1.25 g/cm3. Predecessors didn't significantly effect on the change in the density of the tillage layer of the soil. However, after maize for grain and sunflower, there is a tendency to increase the bulk density of the soil after shelfless shallow and surface tillage, especially in the lower layers of the soil. This soil den…
subject: Землеробство
  topic: section
subject: plowing
  topic: keywords
subject: chisel tillage
  topic: keywords
subject: soil bulk density
  topic: keywords
subject: porosity
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: S. P. Tanchyk
creator: N. I. Babilia
creator: A. I. Babenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 37
ending page: 49
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.037

Realization of genetic potential of sunflower hybrids under the influence of nutritional conditions
type: item
description: The use of microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, which provides increased yields and improved quality indicators of the crop. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. Field research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems of the Chernihiv region. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization (factor C) in phase 4 and 8 sunflowers leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) - 3.46 t / ha. The fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids was determined by the morphobiological features of the hybrid and fertilizer options. The use of foliar fertilization with trace elements had a positive effect on the fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids, which allowed to obtain the maximum value for the option of making N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava - 51.1%. The maximum content of oleic acid was found in the hybrid SI Kupava on the variant with the introduction of N27R42K81S21 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) - 77.2%. Due to the use of fertilizers containing boron, the content of this polyunsaturated acid can be increased by improving the quality of sunflower seed oil. The highest oil yield, according to the calculations, was obtained on the variant with the introduction of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecolin…
subject: Рослинництво та кормовиробництво
  topic: section
subject: соняшник
  topic: keywords
subject: гібриди
  topic: keywords
subject: елементи живлення
  topic: keywords
subject: бор
  topic: keywords
subject: Еколайн Бор
  topic: keywords
subject: Нертус Бор
  topic: keywords
subject: Баст Бор
  topic: keywords
subject: урожайність
  topic: keywords
subject: уміст жиру
  topic: keywords
subject: вміст білку
  topic: keywords
subject: вміст олеїнової кислоти
  topic: keywords
creator: L. A. Garbar
creator: N. V. Knap
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-12-25
publication date: 2021-12-25
starting page: 17
ending page: 27
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.04.017

The change of the main agrochemical indicators of the sod-podzolic soil for the submission of the municipal wasterwater under the artichoke
type: item
description: The studies have shown that the introduction of sewage sludge and compost made on its basis, significantly affects the change in the agrochemical parameters of the sod-medium-podzolic soil, increasing the content of the alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen compounds by 2.2 – 13.4 mg/kg of the soil compared to with control and determining the size of its values at the level of 51.2 – 56.5 mg/kg of the soil in the upper (0 – 20 cm) and 27.9 – 31.6 mg/kg – in the lower (20 – 40 cm) soil layer. The content of the ammonium nitrogen compounds in the variants with the fertilizer application fluctuated in a small range of the values (16 – 21 mg/kg of soil) and increases under the influence of increasing fertilizer doses. Together with the change in the content of the nitrate nitrogen, this contributed to an increase in the content of the mineral nitrogen compounds in the soil in the range of 18.5 – 23.4 mg/kg of the soil in arable (0 – 20 cm) and 19.8 – 21.9 mg/kg of the soil – in subsoil (20 – 40 cm) layers, which by 1.7 – 2.2 mg/kg of the soil exceeded the control variant. The highest indicators of the mineral nitrogen compounds were recorded in the variant where the highest dose of the sewage sludge was applied – 40 t/ha and mineral fertilizers (N10P14K58). Despite the wide range of the nitrogen content values of the alkaline hydrolysed compounds and mineral nitrogen compounds, their ratio remained stable and was 2.3 – 2.6 in the upper and 1.3 – 1.5 in the lower (20 – 40 cm) soil layer, and also decreased with the increasing dose of the fertilizer. That is, this indicator did not change significantly depending on the fertilizer application rate. The content of the mobile phosphorus compounds in the variants with the use of the fertilizers fluctuated in the range of the values (77.5 – 98.5 mg/kg of the soil) and increased under the influence of the introduction of the sewage sludge and compost based on it, which is 14.6 – 35.6 mg/kg of the soil was dominated by the control indica…
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: fraction
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrogen
  topic: keywords
subject: phosphorus
  topic: keywords
subject: potassium
  topic: keywords
subject: concentration coefficient
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation-regression analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: V. I. Lopushniak
creator: G. M. Hrytsuliak
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 66
ending page: 75
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.066

Determination of pesticide residues by chromatographic methods for food safety
type: item
description: The paper presents the methodology of preparation of samples of oilseeds, lettuce, apples for research by chromatographic control of xenobiotics of the following chemical groups of pesticides: benzimidazole derivatives, anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives. The implementation of the following processes is considered: homogenization of the sample, purification of the extract by solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction, obtaining a plant extract, obtaining an extract of analytes. For fine-grained homogenized samples of sunflower seeds, the optimal ratio of raw material -extragent is 1:20, for pasty homogenized samples of apple fruit - 1:10, for liquid samples of homogenized lettuce - 1: 5. Analysis of the distribution of xenobiotics in the system octane/water, the dipole moment of solvents allowed to determine the extractants that are able to dissolve and remove xenobiotics from raw materials. It was found that a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (4: 1) should be used to remove benzimidazole derivatives and anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives are best extracted with methanolic trifluoroacetic acid (9.5: 0.5). Quantitative analysis of xenobiotics content in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics was performed. The most complete xenobiotics were removed from samples of plant products containing traces of fat. The most difficult process of sample preparation is the process of obtaining sunflower seed extract. The content of xenobiotics in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched in analytes is influenced by the temperature at which the process takes place and the duration of extraction. Based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix and the list of analytes, the conditions of the variable component of the methodology are proposed: obtaining plant extract under the action of selective solvents, homogenized raw material-solvent with constant stirring of the extraction system at 180-…
subject: Загальна екологія
  topic: section
subject: xenobiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: pesticides
  topic: keywords
subject: benzimidazole derivatives
  topic: keywords
subject: anilinopyrimidine
  topic: keywords
subject: bipyridylium
  topic: keywords
subject: extracts
  topic: keywords
subject: chromatography
  topic: keywords
subject: plant extracts
  topic: keywords
creator: N. Yu. Tereshchenko
creator: O. Yu. Kursenko
creator: O. I. Khyzhan
creator: O. Yu. Bobunov
creator: L. O. Kovshun
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 111
ending page: 118
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.111

Influence abiotic factors on the growth and development of plants parsnip
type: item
description: The main factors that have a great influence on plant growth, as well as on increasing the yield and its quality characteristics, are biotic and abiotic. Combinations of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat, have a much greater impact on yields and product quality. The response of plants to these stresses can vary depending on the species, as well as at different stages of development. Understanding the mechanisms and how they protect plants from stress has become vital to improving the yield and quality of parsnip products in changing climatic conditions. The research aimed to study the influence of abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation) on yield, duration of phenological phases of plant growth and development, dynamics of growth of leaves and roots of parsnip in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the field experiment of the Department of Vegetable Growing and Closed Soil in NL "Fruit and Vegetable Garden" NUBIP of Ukraine in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2015-2017. The area of the accounting plot was 11.3 m2, the repetition of the experiment was 4 times. The arrangement of the research plots was systematic. As a result of research, it is established that the shortest period of sowing-seedlings lasted 16 days in the options for sowing in the 3rd decade of May and the 1st decade of June. Significant delay for 21 days of this period was observed for sowing from the 1st to the 3rd decade of April. The duration of the period from the beginning of root formation to beam ripeness was the smallest for sowing in the 1st decade of April – 28 days, and the largest for sowing in the 1st decade of June – 51 days. The vegetation period ranged from 110 to 165 days and passed for the sum of temperatures (> 10 °С) 1102.4-1439.0 °C and the sum of precipitation 128.1-225.2 mm. During sowing in April, an intensive increase in root crops from 2.9 to 3.5 g/day was observed in the second half of August. During sowing in…
subject: Плодоовочівництво
  topic: section
subject: parsnip
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: growth of roots and leaves
  topic: keywords
subject: Овочівництво
  topic: disciplines
creator: O. O. Komar
creator: I. O. Fedosiy
creator: O. O. Siedova
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 100
ending page: 110
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.100

Qualitative characteristics of the fungus Cyclocybe Aegerita Strains 2229, 2230, 2231 under industrial cultivation conditions
type: item
description: The “poplar” mushroom C. aegerita has fruiting bodies that are attractive for their appearance and tasty properties. It is also known that mushrooms contain unique substances, especially proteins, polysaccharides, and aromatic terpenes with enhanced nutritional and medicinal value. However, the lack of a well-founded technology of cultivation using available agriculture wastes interferes with the domestic market saturation with this mushroom. Three strains of C. aegerita from the IBK mushroom culture collection were investigated on the possibility of introducing them into the industrial culture. The vegetation cycle of strains 2230 and 2231 was found to have a duration of 42 days versus 46-64 days for the previously studied strains. The highest yield was obtained in the study for strain 2231, which yielded from 217 to 220 grams per kilogram of the substrate during three cycles of cultivation. The biological efficiency of the strains as a result of the first fructification flush was from 20,2 (2229) to 60.4 % (2231), which is in agreement with the published data of other investigators. The external appearance was described in detail and parameters of fruiting bodies of strains were analyzed, which differed from each other both by shape and size. Microclimatic conditions for the study, strains 2230 and 2231 had brown caps, whereas the formed fruiting bodies of strain 2229 were distinguished by a pleasing milky cream color. The heaviest fruiting bodies were formed in strain 2229 (7.5±0.4 g), which was an average of 2 g higher than the weight of fungi of other strains studied. The highest fruiting bodies were found in strain 2230 at a height of 91.0±1.8 mm, which also had the widest cap with a 29.5±0.9 mm diameter. The greatest diameter of the stipe, reaching an average of 10.8±0.3 mm, was observed in fruiting bodies of strain 2229. The variability of morphological characters and the tendencies in the number of fruiting bodies of a certain size in the total volume of ha…
subject: Плодоовочівництво
  topic: section
subject: poplar mushroom
  topic: keywords
subject: vegetation cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: biological efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: morphological indexes
  topic: keywords
subject: pre-industrial production
  topic: keywords
subject: Грибівництво
  topic: disciplines
creator: I. I. Bandura
creator: A. S. Kulyk
creator: S. V. Makohon
creator: O. M. Tsyz
creator: O. V. Khareba
creator: V. V. Khareba
creator: Z. I. Kovtuniuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 85
ending page: 99
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.085

Influence of systematic fertilizer on soil fertility for corn growing on grain
type: item
description: The article presents the results of research on the systematic application of organic and mineral fertilizers as the indicators of fertility of gray forest soil and the formation of corn yield per grain. It was determined that in the five-field field crop rotation during the cultivation of the crop, soil backgrounds with different physical and chemical properties were formed. Application of litter manure (direct action) at a dose of 60 t / ha on the background of moderate rates of fertilizers (N40-80R30-60K40-80) contributed to the neutralization of the soil solution to the values of slightly acidic reaction (pH sol. - 5.2-5.3 units), whereas in the absence of manure (mineral fertilizer system) the pH of the salt remained within the medium acid reaction. The most effective in terms of humus condition of the soil was the organo-mineral fertilizer system (12 t / ha of manure + N80P60K80) and organic (12 t / ha of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area), respectively, the content of total humus was - 1.35 and 1.37% or in percentage terms by 25-27% higher compared to the control (without fertilizers) - 1.08 t / ha. Optimization of nutrient regime (hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium) of the soil at the end of rotation was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (N100P60K100 against the background of 60 t / ha of manure). The highest productivity of corn for grain (9.49 t / ha) was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (60 t / ha of manure + N100P60K100), which is 86% higher than the control (without fertilizers), under these conditions the largest collection of crude protein was obtained – 0, 98 t / ha.
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: content
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrogen
  topic: keywords
subject: phosphorus
  topic: keywords
subject: potassium
  topic: keywords
subject: soil fertility
  topic: keywords
subject: fertilizer system
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: protein collection
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрохімія
  topic: disciplines
creator: O. A. Litvinova
creator: S. E. Dehodiuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 76
ending page: 84
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.076

Peculiarities of change in number and composition of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome in the process of ontogenesis
type: item
description: In agroecosystems, microorganisms are the main factor in the soil formation process, plant nutrition and phytosanitary condition of the soil. Therefore, all measures aimed at restoring soil fertility and increasing productivity, environmental safety of agricultural production are closely linked to the activities of microorganisms. Increased local activity, biomass and diversity of microbiota are one of the most important characteristics that distinguish the rhizosphere from the total soil volume. The aim of the research was to study the number and composition of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of cereals (winter wheat of different varieties of domestic selection) in the process of ontogenesis. To conduct a set of microbiological studies, soil samples were taken and prepared (typical chernozem) in compliance with the standard requirements for sample preparation and storage of samples in the laboratory. The analysis of rhizosphere soil samples was performed according to the variants of different varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection. The number of soil microorganisms was determined by the method of inoculation of suspensions on nutrient media according to generally accepted methods in microbiology. Determination of the total microbial biomass in the soil was carried out by the rehydration method, and the intensity of "respiration" of the soil, respectively, by the release of CO2 and O2 absorption by the manometric method (Warburg apparatus). It is established that varietal specificity is significantly related to the peculiarities of microbiome formation in different phases of plant growth and development, which is an integral indicator of functional and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. The number and composition of the microbial complex of winter wheat rhizosphere in the process of ontogenesis changes significantly, especially in the ratio of the number of spore-forming and non-spore forms of microorganisms under the same conditions of cro…
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: soil microorganisms
  topic: keywords
subject: microbial biomass
  topic: keywords
subject: varietal specificity
  topic: keywords
subject: intensity of CO2 release
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamics of O2 absorption
  topic: keywords
subject: spore-forming bacteria
  topic: keywords
creator: A. N. Honchar
creator: O. L. Tonkha
creator: N. V. Patyka
creator: O. S. Makarchuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 59
ending page: 65
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.056

Yield of winter wheat depending on preceding crops in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine
type: item
description: The realities of the current state of Ukraine's economy show that the share of agricultural production in its structure is 15-18 %, and in the case of state support, may increase to 25 %. The main task of agricultural production is food security of the state, and the successful solution of this problem largely depends on the level and rate of growth of grain farming. Due to its high nutritional value, winter wheat occupies a leading place among the most important grain crops. In world agriculture, it is one of the three strategically important agro-food crops (wheat, rice, corn). Therefore, world food security depends on the state of development of wheat production. The potential of modern adaptive technologies for growing winter wheat is 30-50% increase in its yield from the current level. However, the main obstacle to the growth of wheat production may be climate change, which results in deteriorating moisture supply. Given that moisture reserves determine the agrochemical, agrophysical and biological properties of the soil, ensure the growth and development of plants, as well as the formation of elements of the crop structure. One of the determining factors in the formation of the water regime of the soil in winter wheat crops is the optimization of its placement in crop rotation after different preceding crops. The urgency of this issue has led to the choice of research. The article presents the peculiarities of the formation of available moisture reserves for the cultivation of winter wheat, depending on the preceding crops. It was found that in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe in terms of the ability to provide winter wheat for the sowing period (0-10 cm layer of soil) with available moisture, the preceding crops were placed as follows: winter rape-sunflower-soybean-corn for silage. At the time of sowing, sufficient moisture reserves in the 0-10 cm layer of soil were formed by placing winter wheat after peas and winter rape, respectively 11,5 and 10,9 mm. The high…
subject: Землеробство
  topic: section
subject: winter wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: preceding crops
  topic: keywords
subject: available moisture reserves
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: S. Shylo
creator: L. V. Tsentylo
creator: A. I. Babenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 48
ending page: 55
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.048

Influence of farming systems and soil tillage on available moisture stocks of typical black soil in spring wheat crops
type: item
description: Numerous studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have shown that one of the limiting factors for obtaining a stable yield of any crop is the reserves of available moisture in the soil, especially in critical periods of plant growth. The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems – industrial (control), ecological and biological and four options for primary soil tillage – plowing by 20–22 cm (control), chiseling by 20–22 cm, disking by 10–12 cm, disking for 6–8 cm on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil for growing spring durum wheat. According to research, it is established that the highest moisture reserves in a meter of soil for the period of sowing wheat was obtained by combining the biological farming system and chisel tillage, which allowed to accumulate in 2018 – 199.1 mm, 2019 – 179.6 and 2020 – 159.9 mm of available moisture in the soil. The use of chisel tillage in combination with industrial and organic farming systems also provides an advantage in all years of observations over plowing combinations and both disking options with these systems. During the growing season, against the background of all studied agricultural systems, use of chiseling and disking provided the highest reserves of available moisture in the soil. However, the best option should be considered a combination of ecological farming system with chiseling by 20–22 cm, which provided for the flowering period in 2018 – 74.0 mm of moisture, 2019 – 93.7 and 2020 – 90.9 mm, and for the harvest period culture, these indicators were, respectively, 61.0, 67.7 and 61.6 mm. The grain yield of spring durum wheat in this variant was significantly the highest in the experiment and was, respectively, 4.6, 6.7 and 5.6 t/ha.
subject: Землеробство
  topic: section
subject: industrial
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological
  topic: keywords
subject: and biological farming systems
  topic: keywords
subject: plowing
  topic: keywords
subject: chiseling
  topic: keywords
subject: disking
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrothermal coefficient
  topic: keywords
subject: stocks of available moisture in soil
  topic: keywords
subject: productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Землеробство
  topic: disciplines
creator: S. P. Tanchyk
creator: O. A. Dudka
creator: O. S. Pavlov
creator: A. I. Babenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 38
ending page: 47
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.038

Effect of fertilizer on nutritional value of feed alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe
type: item
description: One of the ways to reduce protein deficiency and produce complete feed is to grow alfalfa-cereal mixtures, which due to the optimal ratio of protein and carbohydrates, mineral salts and other valuable biologically active substances most fully meet the physiological needs of animals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional value of alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures. Experimental studies were conducted during 2014-2016 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, which is located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of research, it was found that the inclusion of alfalfa in cereals increased the content of crude protein to a greater extent than the introduction of nitrogen in the dose N60 on the same cereal herbage at the same background P60K90. There are no natural differences in the accumulation of crude protein between alfalfa-cereal herbages with the participation of different cereal components on the same background. According to the results of research, the introduction of alfalfa into cereal herbage promotes the growth of protein and crude fat content in the feed and reduces the content of nitrogen-free extractive. Nitrogen fertilizers have the greatest effect on the chemical composition of grass feed on cereal grasslands - the application of N60 on the background of P60K90 in the dry weight of feed increases by 2.8% crude protein content and 26 g of feed unit digestible protein. Digestibility of dry matter of fodder of alfalfa and legume-cereal herbages, relative to pure cereal crops, increased by 2-5%. The composition of cereal components in legume-cereal mixtures and the fertilizer system did not significantly affect the digestibility of feed. The application of N60P60K90 + Fumar ensured the highest feed quality on all studied grasslands.
subject: Рослинництво та кормовиробництво
  topic: section
subject: alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures
  topic: keywords
subject: feed nutrient content
  topic: keywords
subject: crude protein
  topic: keywords
subject: crude fat
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: I. V. Svystunova
creator: L. M. Burko
creator: S. P. Poltoretskyi
creator: T. I. Prorochenko
creator: V. G. Pravednyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 28
ending page: 37
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.028

https://journals.nubip.edu.ua/index.php/Agronomija/en/article/view/15392
type: item
title: The effect of nanoparticles, multicomponent trace element preperation “Avatar-2 protection”, and microbial preparation “Azogran” on the productivity potato cultivar Suvenir Chernihivskyi in Polesia region conditions
description: Improvement of conventional methods of potato growing is an important task of modern agriculture. Nowadays nanoparticles (NPs) gain increasing attention of scientists as promising tools for increasing productivity of crop cultures. NPs of such elements as Fe, Zn, B, Si, Cu, Co, Se and Ag can significantly increase potato productivity. Ag NPs show synergic effect with some microbial preparations. However, the influence of such elements as Zn and Se on the productivity of potato and joint application of NPs with microbial preparations for pre-sowing treatment are not studied sufficiently. The influence of Ti and I NPs on potato productivity, the influence of NPs on Ukrainian potato cultivars, the influence of NPs on the potato productivity in Polesia region conditions are not studied yet. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seed potatoes with Zn nanoparticles (NPs), Ti NPs, composition of Se + I NPs, composition of Zn + Ti + Se + I NPs NPs, “Avatar-2 protection” multicomponent trace element preparation, “Azogran” microbial preparation “Azogran” and the combination of “Azogran” preparation with the composition of Se + I NPs on the productivity of potato cultivar Suvenir chernihivskyi in the Polesia region conditions. Two small plot studies were planted for three years in order to conduct the study. Each small plot study had been performed on different soil types: soddy podzolic soil and alkaline chernozem. Studies were situated on the lands of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Production of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. It has been found that the composition of Se + I NPs, “Azogran” microbial preparation and the combination “Azogran” preparation with the composition of Se + I NPs had the most prominent influence on the potato productivity, increasing it on soddy podzolic soil by 33.13; 38.34 and 45.35 % respectively and on alkaline chernozem by 10.97; 17.98 and 37.27 % respect…
subject: Рослинництво та кормовиробництво
  topic: section
subject: potato
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: microbial preparation
  topic: keywords
subject: trace element preparation
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
subject: Біотехнологія
  topic: disciplines
creator: A. V. Vasylchenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 17
ending page: 27
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.017

Peculiarities of pigment complex functioning of winter wheat plants depending on the fertilizer application method
type: item
description: To obtain the maximum yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to further optimize the existing cultivation technologies in the direction of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. One of the areas of adaptation of plants to adverse abiotic factors is the active functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, which depends on the amount of nutrients introduced. The influence of fertilizer application on the condition of the pigment complex of winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. Two varieties of winter wheat were selected for the study: Shestopalivka and Mason. The experiment scheme involved the application of fertilizers at sowing (K0; K12) and foliar treatment with various tank mixtures (urea; urea + magnesium sulfate; urea + magnesium sulfate + potassium monophosphate). The pigment content has been determined by grinding fresh leaves of winter wheat, followed by the addition of a solvent in the form of acetone. Measurements of pigments were performed using a spectrophotometer. According to the research results, it was established that before the foliar treatment the a-chlorophyll content and carotenoids was higher in the plant leaves of the Shestopalivka variety. At the same time, the b-chlorophyll content on the contrary was higher for plants of the Mason variety by 17%, which may be due to the adaptation of plants of this variety to lack of light. On the 3rd day after foliar treatment, a decrease in the pigment content in the plant leaves of all experimental variants has been observed, which was due to the active growth of the photosynthetic surface and a decrease in the total dry matter mass. There was no significant difference between the varieties of the content of photosynthetic pigments in this period. On the 10th day after foliar treatment, an increase in a- and b-chlorophyll content has been observed for both studied varieties, which may be the result of adaptation of the photosynthetic appar…
subject: Рослинництво та кормовиробництво
  topic: section
subject: Triticum aestivum
  topic: keywords
subject: foliar treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: a- and b-chlorophylls
  topic: keywords
subject: carotenoids
  topic: keywords
subject: LHC
  topic: keywords
creator: Z. Bilousova
creator: V. Keneva
creator: Y. Klipakova
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-11-10
publication date: 2021-11-10
starting page: 7
ending page: 16
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.03.007

Evaluation of parsnip varieties (Pastinaca Sativa l.) on productivity and adaptability in the conditions of the Right bank Forest steppe of Ukraine
type: item
description: The commodity output of parsnip was formed in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine within the limits of the sum of active temperatures 1356‑1495 °С, the amount of precipitation 171‑318 mm and relative humidity 57‑64 %. The crop yield had an invert dependence on the sum of temperature and the direct dependence on the amount of precipitation, relative humidity of air and hydrothermal coefficient. The highest yield in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine provided the Stymul and Pulse varieties with a total yield of 46,2 and 44,8 tons/hectare, and the commodity output of roots of 89 and 88 %, accordingly. It was calculated that the varieties Pulse and Stymul had the highest selective value of the genotype (SCGi = 46,2 and 44,8 accordingly) for yield, high ecological stability (Sgi = 3,43 and 1,96 accordingly) and plasticity (bi = 1,47 and 0,89 % accordingly). The highest indicator of the total adaptive capacity for plant productivity was noted in the Stymul (ZAZ = 3,12) and Pulse (ZAZ = 1,76) varieties. According to the indicator of specific adaptive ability, the Stymul variety (SAZ = 2,52) and Pulse (ZAZ = 0,78) was distinguished. According to the biochemical composition of roots, the investigated varieties did not exceed the control. However, in Boris variety the content of dry matter (25,1 %), dry soluble substance (15,8 %) and sugar (6,4 %) was at the control level. All varieties showed high levels of vitamin C – 8,9‑10,1 mg/100 g. The varieties were not susceptible to accumulation of nitrates and their content varied from 67 to 80 mg/kg and was below the maximum acceptable level (MDR 250 mg/kg). The highest tasting score of 5,6 points got the Pulse. To obtain a consistently high root crop yield at the level 44,8‑46,2 tons/hectare and marketability of roots at the level of 88‑89 % with a high content of major biochemical components in the conditions of the Right‑Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on medium-podzolic, roughly dusty…
subject: Плодоовочівництво
  topic: section
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: quality indices
  topic: keywords
subject: stability
  topic: keywords
subject: plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: selective value of the genotype
  topic: keywords
subject: Овочівництво
  topic: disciplines
creator: O. O. Komar
creator: V. V. Khareba
creator: I. O. Fedosiy
creator: O. V. Khareba
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 69
ending page: 75
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.069

Influence of fertilization with green manure and treatment on yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley
type: item
description: The influence of the application of fertilizers with green manure and soil treatment on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley has been studied. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of the implemented tillage systems with elements of minimization and fertilization with elements of biologization on the productivity and economic performance of spring barley. It is established that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the aftereffect of application of high norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on typical chernozem has a positive effect on spring barley yield, increasing it, compared to control, by 0.55–1.10 t/ha per plowing, by 0, 65–1.35 t/ha for deep tillage and 0.55–1.30 t/ha for shallow tillage. It was found that the highest crop yield (3.85 t/ha) was obtained against after shallow tillage and aftereffects of fertilizer application with manure. The use of fertilizers helped to increase the protein content in the grain of spring barley. The influence of tillage systems on the protein content of barley was reliably noted only in the variant of fertilizers with straw & green manure. The use of shallow tillage with organic manure and fertilizer provides a decrease of 142.9 UAH/t of the cost of production, an increase of 886 UAH/ha of net profit and a 21.2% reduction in energy consumption compared to plowing.
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: spring barley
  topic: keywords
subject: cultivation
  topic: keywords
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: fertilizers
  topic: keywords
subject: grain quality
  topic: keywords
subject: energy efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: K. S. Karabach
creator: E. M. Berezhniak
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 60
ending page: 68
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.060

Antagonistic activity of dominant strains of bacteria of spring barley rhizosphere against phytopathogenic micromycetes
type: item
description: The purpose of the work. The aim of the study was to conduct research on the manifestation of the dominant representatives of the bacterial biome of the rhizosphere of spring barley antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes. Research methods. The standard diffusion method of double culture in Petri dishes was used to study the antagonistic properties of the dominant strains of rhizosphere bacteria. The level of antagonistic activity of microorganisms was assessed by the indicator (%) of inhibition of growth and development of the mycelium of micromycetes Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. 23.2, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 3.45, Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch. 18.77. Results and scope of their application. Studies have shown that Bacillus methylotrophicus 10 had an inhibitory effect on Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. 23.2 ‒ 77,4%, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 3.45 – 66,6% and Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch. 18.77 – 86,7%, while the bacteria Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense 1 showed activity against phytopathogens by 45,1%, 63,1% and 65,0%, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, both strains of rhizosphere dominant bacteria have high antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes, which gives grounds for their further study.
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: Bacillus methylotrophicus 10
  topic: keywords
subject: Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense 1
  topic: keywords
subject: antagonistic properties
  topic: keywords
subject: phytopathogenic micromycetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Агроінженерія
  topic: disciplines
creator: M. O. Kiroiants
creator: M. V. Patyka
creator: T. I. Patyka
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 54
ending page: 59
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.054

Methodical approaches to plant identification in high-resolution images in multispectral monitoring using UAVS
type: item
description: Crop management used in these technologies is one of the main trends in the modernization of agricultural technologies. To implement crop management, growers need accessible and effective information about the state of crops. The aim of the work is to develop a method of plant identification on multispectral images of high resolution for crops of continuous sowing on the example of winter wheat. The research was conducted on 03/17/2019 on winter wheat crops in the tillering vegetation phase, Mukan variety in production fields near the village of Horodyshche, Kyiv region. Aerial monitoring from a height of 100 meters was carried out using a spectral complex Slantrange 3p, mounted on a UAV UAV DJI Matrice 600. To extract the reference graphics data from Slantview made a copy of the screen in full screen mode of the image window. Statistical processing of graphical data of spectral monitoring results was performed in MathCad. It was found that the reliable establishment of the spectral portrait of the soil for its pixel-by-pixel filtering from multispectral images is a difficult task because its color significantly depends on the state of moisture, which may differ in open and shaded by plants. A more promising way to eliminate random inclusions is to use a spectral portrait of plants based on the intensity ratios of its spectral components. A promising parameter for assessing the condition of crops is to assess their area of heir horizontal surface, which can be determined by pixel analysis of the image. A filtering option is proposed, which, as in the solutions implemented in Slantview software, needs to be debugged. In further researches it is expedient to consider questions of methodical maintenance of an estimation of quality of a filtration of data of spectral monitoring of vegetation.
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: Slantrange
  topic: keywords
subject: crop identification
  topic: keywords
subject: filtration
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: N. A. Pasichnyk
creator: V. P. Lysenko
creator: O. O. Opryshko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 47
ending page: 53
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.047

Productivity of seed potatoes with local application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
type: item
description: Ukraine is a leader in potato production, among the top three producer countries and ranks second in the world in terms of per capita potato consumption, second only to Belarus. It produces 139 kg per year per capita, with a world average of about 33 kg/person/year. According to UCAB, in recent years the area under potatoes has increased by 2.7% to 1325 thousand hectares. However, the average yield for the last three years was 15.8 t/ha. In some advanced farms of Ukraine the yield reaches 30–40 t/ha due to the introduction of scientific developments in production. However, in general, the potential for economic productivity of potatoes in Ukraine now remains completely untapped. Potato plants are demanding to the presence of nutrients in the soil. Soil nutrients must be available for plants and in sufficient quantity. It causes by the biological characteristics of potatoes. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers depends on the methods and quality of their application. The traditional method of fertilization involves fertilizers broadcasting on the soil surface with their tillage. As a result of uneven placement of fertilizer granules in the soil layer, the transition of nutrients into unavailable form to plants, which causes the uneven plants development and maturation of tubers. Therefore, one of the ways to improve the potatoes nutrition and reduce nutrient losses and obtain high stable crop yields is the local application of mineral fertilizers in the area of the root system location. Local application of phosphorus determines it better availability throughout the growing season, which provides accelerated growth and development of roots and shoots, as well as the formation of the optimal number of tubers. Local placement of potassium improves its availability and provides enhanced synthesis and transport of carbohydrates in plants, increases the absorption of moisture and nutrients by the roots, strengthens their resistance to disease and improves the quality …
subject: Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
  topic: section
subject: potatoes
  topic: keywords
subject: phosphorus
  topic: keywords
subject: potassium
  topic: keywords
subject: local application
  topic: keywords
subject: fertilizers
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрохімія
  topic: disciplines
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
subject:
  topic: disciplines
creator: A. V. Bykin
creator: T. V. Panchuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 37
ending page: 46
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.037

Spectral assessments of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the autumn period
type: item
description: The introduction of modern methods for field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding is becoming increasingly popular and allows the breeder to more widely and objectively evaluate the original forms and newly created material. Important for winter is the autumn period, when under favorable weather conditions (gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, changing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant, which contribute to its transition to hibernation. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn is largely decisive in the formation of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and thus affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of analysis of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was established that before overwintering the best condition for the first sowing period was winter wheat plants: MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.48), erythrospermum line 55023 (NDVI = 0.46), Lutesens 60049 (NDVI = 0.46), varieties MIP Distinction (NDVI = 0.46) MIP Jubilee (NDVI = 0.46), MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.46) and line Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0, 47). In the standard variety Podolyanka, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI = 0.32), Ballad Myronivska (NDVI = 0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Jubilejna ( NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 60107 (NDVI = 0.32). NDVI index of Podolyanka variety was at the level of 0.32.
subject: Селекція і насінництво
  topic: section
subject: soft winter wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: selection samples
  topic: keywords
subject: lines
  topic: keywords
subject: time of cessation of autumn vegetation
  topic: keywords
subject: NDVI
  topic: keywords
subject: morpho-physiological analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: phenotyping
  topic: keywords
creator: R. I. Topko
creator: G. V. Vologdina
creator: A. V. Gumenyk
creator: H. M. Kovalyshyna
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 29
ending page: 36
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.029

Productivity of winter barley depending on preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine
type: item
description: Winter barley is a valuable food, fodder, and technical crop. Our research is aimed at obtaining economically and energy-efficient, adequate to the bioresource potential of winter barley grain yield, depending on the preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Research and balance calculations available soil moisture showed that the conditions of Transcarpathia it is negative and ranges from 250 to 1210 tons / ha or 25-121 mm. Accumulation and efficient use of available moisture in the soil depends on the amount of precipitation and their frequency of precipitation, crop rotation (preceding crops), tillage system, fertilization, and weediness of fields. The largest reserves of available moisture in the soil during the sowing of winter barley were after winter rape and buckwheat, the smallest – after sunflower and, especially, corn for grain. During the autumn-winter period, the reserves of available moisture in a meter layer of soil were replenished by 21-35%, but the influence of preceding crops remained. The critical period of winter barley in terms of moisture occurs during earing - grain filling. Preceding crops of early harvesting (winter oilseed rape and buckwheat) have a positive effect on the accumulation and retention of moisture in the soil. Late harvest preceding crops (maize for grain and sunflower) reduce the available moisture content and reserves by up to 18% compared to early harvest crops. On average over three years, the highest yield of winter barley was after buckwheat and amounted to 5.9 t / ha, the lowest - after corn for grain and was at 4.9 t / ha, which is 0.8 t / ha lower than the control variant.
subject: Землеробство
  topic: section
subject: available moisture content
  topic: keywords
subject: winter barley
  topic: keywords
subject: precursor
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Агрономія
  topic: disciplines
creator: S. P. Tanchyk
creator: N. I. Babilia
creator: A. I. Babenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific journal «Plant and Soil Science»
date: 2021-08-31
publication date: 2021-08-31
starting page: 23
ending page: 28
doi: 10.31548/agr2021.02.023