Peculiarities of autonomic nerve regulation of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium in cows receiving feed additive “Germatsink”

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2020.01.009

Keywords:

higher nervous activity, types of higher nervous activity vegetative status, nervous system, feed additive, Germatsink, blood fractions

Abstract

Autonomic nervous system plays a leading role in the processes of adaptation of the organism to changing environmental conditions. The sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism’s resources in response to stress factors, and the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system provides the current regulation of physiological processes. Correction of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content in cows with the feed additive “Germatsink” in animals with different tone of autonomic nervous system is extremely relevant for the science and practice of veterinary medicine.

The goal of the study was to investigate the efficiency of homeostasis of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium macronutrients correction in the cows’ organism depending on autonomic nervous system using the feed additive “Germatsink”.

The study was carried out on cows on Ukrainian black-and-white breed cows of the 2-3 lactations. The tone of the autonomic nervous system of cows was determined using a trigeminovagal test. According to the results obtained, animals were determined as normo-, sympathico- or vagotonics. The cows of the experimental group received the feed additive “Germatsink” at a dose of 10 ml/day within ten days. The diet and milking regimen were not changed. Animals in the control group did not receive the feed additive. Blood samples obtained from the jugular vein of cows before feed additive application and in 10, 30 and 45 days after were used as the research material. Content of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were determined in whole blood, blood cells and serum.

Calcium content in sympathicotonic cow’s blood cells was significantly lower by 6.0% (p <0.05) and ionized calcium content in serum was higher by 4.7% (p <0.05) than in normotonic ones. After the feed additive “Germatsink” application in cows with different tone of the autonomic nervous system there was only a tendency to increase of its content in the serum (by 3.0-5.0%). However, if in the blood cells of normo- and vagotonic cows the content of this macronutrient decreased (by 4.5-5.8%), then in the sympathicotonic ones increased.

Therefore, the content of calcium in the blood cells and ionized calcium in the serum of sympathicotonic cows ceased to be significantly different from that in normotonic cows within 10 days after the beginning of the studies.

After the feed additive “Germatsink” application the content of total phosphorus in the blood of cows with different tone of the autonomic nervous system did not change significantly. Whereas the content of inorganic phosphorus in the serum slightly increased (within the tendency of 2-9% depending on the tone of the autonomic nervous system of cows). It should be noted that in 10 days after the beginning of the studies, the content of inorganic phosphorus in the serum of sympathicotonic cows ceased to be significantly different from that of normotonic ones. The content of phosphorus in blood cells and inorganic phosphorus in the serum of sympathicotonic cows was significantly lower by 7.5% (p <0.05) and 7.8% (p <0.01), respectively, than in the normotonic ones.

Before the feed additive “Germatsink” application the ratio of total calcium to inorganic phosphorus in the blood of normo- and vagotonic cows was not different significantly. Whereas in sympathicotonic cows the value of this index was higher by 10.3% (p <0.05) than in cows with normal tone of the autonomic nervous system. It should be noted that in 10 days after the beginning of the study the ratio of total calcium to inorganic phosphorus in the blood of cows with a predominance of the tone of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system ceased to be significantly different from that in normotonic cows.

The magnesium content in serum and blood cells of sympathicotonic cows was significantly lower by 16.7% (p <0.01) and 11.5% (p <0.01), respectively, against of normotonic ones. In 10 days after the application of feed additive, the magnesium content of the serum of the normotonic and vagotonic cows increased by 5.3–5.6%, respectively. Later, up to 30 days after the beginning of the study it increased more by 16.1–17.9% (p <0.05–0.001), but up to the 45th day it decreased by 4–11%. In contrast, the magnesium content in the serum of sympathicotonic cows from the 1 to 10 day and from the 10 to 30 day of the study increased by 8.2% (p <0.05) and 23.6% (p <0.001) respectively. Thus, within 10 days after the beginning of the study, the content of this metal in the serum of sympathicotonic cows did not differ significantly from that of normotonic ones. However, in 30 and 45 days these differences become significant. Thus, the magnesium content in the serum of sympathicotonic cows decreased by 10.5% (p <0.05) and 11.3% (p <0.05), respectively, from the index of animals with normal tone of autonomic nervous system.

The content of magnesium in the blood cells of cows with different tone of the autonomic nervous system after the feed additive “Germatsink” application did not change significantly. It should be noted only that it increased from the 1st to the 10th and from the 10th to the 30th day of the study in the blood of sympathicotonic cows by 5.3 and 12.15%, respectively (p <0.01). As a result, in 10 and in 30 days after the beginning of the study, the content of this metal in the blood cells of sympathicotonic cows was not significantly different from that in animals with normal tone of autonomic nervous system.

The ratio of mono- to divalent ions in blood cells before the feed additive “Germatsink” application also did not differ in cows with different vegetative status. However, in 10 days after the beginning of the study, the value of this index in vagotonic cows became significantly lower by 7.63% (p <0.01) than in normotonic ones. But, later it ceased to be significantly different from that of cows with normal tone of the autonomic nervous system.

Therefore, revealed results show that feed additive “Germatsink” application to cows with different vegetative status has a corrective effect on the content of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

References

Bilokon, O. V., Karpovskyi, V. I., Kryvoruchko, D. I., Shaposhnik, V. M., Nishchemenko, M. P. (2012). Vplyv mineralnoi kormovoi dobavky Kormatsynk-R naproduktyvnist ta obmin rechovyn v orhanizmi kurok-nesuchok [The influence of mineral feed additive Kormatsink-R on the performance and metabolism in the body of laying hens]. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia:Veterynarna medytsyna, 1, 3-6 (in Ukrainian).

Borysevych, V. B., Kaplunenko, V. H., Kosinov, M. V ta in. (2010). Nanomaterialy v biolohii. Osnovy nanoveterynarii [Nanomaterials in Biology. Fundamentals of Nano-Veterinary Medicine]. Kyiv: Avitsena: 416 (in Ukrainian).

Borysevych, V. B., Borysevych, B. V., Khomyn, N. M., Kaplunenko, V. H., Kosinov, M.V., Voloshyna, N.O., ... Kulinich, S. M. (2009). Zdobutky nanotekhnolohii v likuvanni ta profilaktytsi khvorob tvaryn. Nanoveterynariia [Nanotechnology achievements in the treatment and prevention of animal diseases. Nano-veterinary] Kyiv: Dia, 182 (in Ukrainian).

Valitov, H.Z., Karamaev, S.V., Kitaev, E.A., (2010).Vlijanie stressoustojchivosti na produktivnoe dolgoletie korov [Effect of stress tolerance on productive longevity of cows] Zootechnics. № 8 (in Ukrainian).

Vartanyan, G.A., Pirogov, A.A. (1991). Nejrobiologicheskie osnovy vysshej nervnoj dejatel'nosti [Nauka Neurobiological bases of higher nervous activity]. L . Nauka, 169 (in Ukrainian).

Vlizlo, V. V., Fedorchuk, R. S., Ratych, I. B. (2012). Laboratorni metody doslidzhen u biolohii, tvarynnytstvi ta veterynarnii medytsyni: dovidnyk [Laboratory methods of research in biology, livestock and veterinary medicine]. A reference book, ed. by V. V. Vlizlo. Lviv: Spolom, 764 (in Ukrainian).

Danchuk, O. V., Karpovskyi, V. I., Trokoz, V. O., Postoi, R. V. (2017). Regulation mechanisms of cortisol level in pigs' blood serum under stress. Physiological. Journal, vol. 63, no. 6, 60-65.

https://doi.org/10.15407/fz63.06.060

Doletsky, S.P. , Tsvilikhovsky , M. I., Kolesnyk ,V. Y., Pavlenko O. I. (2005). Patologiia mineral'nogo obminu rechovin u koriv pid vplivom negativnih ekologichnih faktoriv dovkillja [Pathology of mineral metabolism in cows under the influence of negative environmental factors ]. Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences,Vip, 89 (in Ukrainian).

Karlova, L.V. (2007). Biohimichni pokazniki krovi ta mineral'nij obmin u koriv riznih tipiv vishhoi nervovoi dijal'nosti do i pislja zmini sposobu ih utrimannja [Biochemical parameters of blood and mineral metabolism in cows of different types of higher nervous activity before and after changing their method of maintenance] Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. S.Z.Zhitsky. Lviv, 9, (33) (in Ukrainian)..

Karpovs'kij, V.I. (2011). Typy vyshhoi nervovoi dijalnosti velykoi rogatoi hudoby ta harakter adaptacijnyh reakcij na diju zovnishnih podraznykiv [Types of higher nervous activity of cattle and the nature of adaptive reactions to the action of external stimuli]. Nac. un-t bioresursiv i prirodokoristuvannja Ukraini. Extended abstract of Doctor's thesis. K (in Ukrainian).

Karpovskyi, P. V., Karpovskyi, V. V., Trokoz, A. V., Landsman, A. A., Skrypkina, V. N., Postoi, R. V., Kryvoruchko, D. I., Trokoz, V. O., Karpovskyi, V. I. (2015). Kortiko-vegetativna reguljacija vidnosin u fiziologichnih funkcijah svinej. [Cortico-vegetative regulation of relations in the physiological functions of pigs]. The Animal Biology, vol. 17, no. 2, 65-73 (in Ukrainian).

Sudakov, M.O., Bereza, V.I., Pogursky, I.G. (1991). Mikroelementozy silskohospodarskykh tvaryn [Microelementosis of farm animals]. Kyiv: Urozhaj (in Ukrainian).

Klitsenko, H.T. (2001). Mineralne zhyvlennya tvaryn [Mineral feeding of animals]. Kyiv, Ukraine: Svit (in Ukrainian).

Marushko, Yu.V., Asonov, A.O.(2011). Rol' deficitu cinku u klinichnij praktici. [The role of zinc deficiency in clinical practice] (literature review, personal data and considerations). New Millennium Medicine, 3, 2011, 2-9 (in Ukrainian).

Paska, M. Z. (2011). Fiziolohichnyy̆ status orhanizmu buhay̆tsiv Volynsʹkoï myasnoï porody zalezhno vid typiv vyshchoï nervovoï diyalʹnosti [The physiological status of the organism of bull-calves of Volyn Meat breeds depending on the type of higher nervous activity]. Naukovo-tekhnichnyy̆ byuleten- Scientific and Technical Bulletin, vol. 12, no 3, 4, 29-35 (in Ukrainian).

Panasyuk, I.M. (2005). Viznachennja tipiv vishhoi nervovoi dijal'nosti koriv u virobnichih umova [Determination of types of higher nervous activity of cows in production conditions] Bulletin of the Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian University. № 2 (in Ukrainian).

Rudenko, I.V. (2009). Rol' makro-, mikroelementiv u rozvitku prirodzhenih vad. [The role of macro-, microelements in the development of birth defects]. Advances in Biology and Medicine, pp. 1, 94-98 (in Ukrainian).

Safonov, V. A., Nezhdanov, A. G., Retckii, M. I., Shushlebin, V. I. (2008). Izmeneniia biokhimicheskikh pokazatelei krovi u vysokoproduktivnykh korov vo vtoroi polovine beremennosti i v poslerodovoiperiod [Changes of the biochemical blood indices in high-yielding blood in the second half of pregnancy and in the postpartum period]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii selskokhoziaistvennykh nauk, 3, 74- 76 (in Russian).

Chernenko, O.M. (2010). Efektivnist' dovichnogo vikoristannja koriv riznih tipiv stresostiikosti [The effectiveness of life-long use of cows of different types of stress resistance ] Bulletin of the Agrarian Science of the Black Sea. Issue 1, Volume 2 (in Ukrainian).

Downloads

Published

2020-02-10

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1-2 (2020)

Section

Veterinary

License

Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons  Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).