Biology features of fungus Phomopis helianthi M. and pathogenesis Phomopsis of sunflower
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.03.005Abstract
One of the main issues of successful annual sunflower growing is resistance against the necrothrophic fungus Phomopsis helianthi Munt, which is capable to destroy the entire crop of sunflower. The aim of research was studying cycle of development fungus Phomopsis helianthi M. and the features of sunflower plants defeat. The investigations were carried out in the field in Genicheskiy district of Kherson region and in Kherson regional phytosanitary laboratory.
In a long period of time, the disease is in latent form in seed. The first symptoms is pycnidia and clarification of affected seminal skin tissue appear during seeds germination. On the seeds of P. helianthi was discovered complete mushroom stage Diaporthe helianthi Munt Cv, et al. The obtained results indicate possibility of transmitting the disease by seminal material in other regions where this disease is absent.
The stage of the D. helianthi mushroom in the teleomorph form in the field, we found at the end of May on stems of sunflower, which were wintered after harvesting. On the remains of plants, where pycnides of the phomaxis pathogen were formed, we commit the formation of the D. helianthi strain with 1-5 peritheces.
The departure of ascospore began in the beginning of second decade of May. In third decade of June, a mass exit from the ascospores of peritations was noted.
The first symptoms of illness on sunflower plants in Henichesk district of Kherson region were recorded at the beginning of second decade of July in 10 days after irrigation. On the stems of sunflower between 4-7 pairs of leaves formed dark gray stains. Over time, necrosis extends along the length of stem from the place of its initial manifestation. The stains size affected by pathogen stalks ranged from 2.5-3 cmto 12.7-14.0 cm.
On affected by phomopsis plants of sunflower, disease pathogens formed a flattened ellipsoid-shaped pycnidia with an aperture. They were located dotted along the leading vessels and were characterized by the following sizes: 290-520 × 265-410 microns. In the ripening phase, pycnides were seen on surface side of stem. During rain or irrigation, they broke through stem epidermis and on its surface in form of strips out a mass of pycnospores.
Thus, after latent pathogenesis phase, the pathogen actively begins to form a pycnidial stage.
During sunflower growing season, the pathogenesis of phomopsis occurs in all overground organs of plants. The presence of Diaporthe helianthi strain with peritheces and ascospores on seed has been established, indicating possibility of spreading the disease with seeds.
The latter are found on unprotected plant remains. During vegetation, pathogen forms an anamorphic stage, and teleomorphic in the end. Phomopsis helianthi causes damage to overground part of sunflower plants in form of necrotic stains, damage to stem tissue, loss of turgor, burns of leaves and under-harvest.
Key words: annual sunflower, Phomopsis helianthi M., Diaporthe helianthi Munt Cv, et al., biology of development, distribution.
References
Petrenkova V. P., Borovsʹka I.Yu, Kyrychenko V. V. (2012) Stiykistʹ sonyashnyku do nekrotrofnykh patoheniv [Sustainability of sunflower to non-corrosive pathogens]. Kharkiv, “Mahda LTD”, 296 s.
Iliescu N., Jinga V., Ciurea A., Ionita A (1995) Investigation related to the prognosis of sunflower stem cancer (Diaporthe helianthi). Helia, 8, 51–56.
Popovych V. V. (1998) Rolʹ semennoy ynfektsyy v rasprostranenyy fomopsysa podsolnechnyka [The role of seminal infection in distribution of sunflower phomopsis]. Zashchyta y karantyn rastenyy, 1, 37.
Petyna V. V. (2000) Fomopsys podsolnechnyka obʺekt povyshennoho vnymanyya karantynnoy laboratory [Phomopsis of sunflower object of increased attention of quarantine laboratory]. Zashchyta y karantyn rastenyy, 8, 32–33.
Muntanola-Cvetcovic M., Mihaljcevic M., Vucojevic J. (1988) The results obtained until now in the investigations of Phomopsis / Diaporthe helianthi on sunflower. Mycological aspects Plant Protection, 39 (4), 469–478.
Yakutkyn V. Y. (1994) Fomopsys podsolnechnyka v Rossyy [Phomopsis of sunflower in Russia]. Zashchyta rastenyy, 8. S. 32–33.
Pyvenʹ B. T. Dolzhenko E. H., Alyfyrova T. P. (1999) Poluchenye perytetsyev fomopsysa na semenakh podsolnechnyka v laboratornykh uslovyyakh [Preparation of phomopsis peritheces on sunflower seeds in laboratory conditions]. Zashchyta y karantyn rastenyy, 1, 27–28.
Nykytchyn D. Y., Shcherbak P. D. (1991) Opyt yuhoslavskykh uchënykh [The Experience of Yugoslav Scientists]. Tekhnycheskye kulʹtury, 4, 61–63.
Smetnyk A. Y., Aleksandrov Y. N., Skrypka O. V., Yzmalkova A. H. (1998) Semena podsolnechnyka kak forma sokhranenyya ynfektsyy fomopsysa [Sunflower seeds as a form of preservation of phomapsis infection]. Zashchyta y karantyn rastenyy, 1, 35–36.
Lisovyy M. P., Parfenyuk A. I., Marchenko O. A., Pekhota O. M., Markevych M. V. (1997) Fomopsys sonyashnyku: dzherela infektsiyi [Phomapsis for sunflower: sources of infection]. Zakhyst Roslyn, 3, 6–7.
Kapustin O. I., Rafalʹsʹka O. V., Kolesnichenko YE. V (2001) Fitokarantynnyy stan sonyashnyku [Phyto-quarantine condition of sunflower]. Zakhyst Roslyn, 5, 26–28.
Movchan O. M., Omelyuta V. P., Ustinov I. D., Ustinov A. F. (2001) Shkodochynni ob'yekty / [harmful objects]. Zakhyst Roslyn, 4, 23–24.
Skrypka O. V. (1996) Byolohycheskye osobennosty vozbudytelya korychnevo-seroy pyatnystosty stebley podsolnechnyka [Biological features of causative agent of brown-gray spotting of sunflower stems]. Mykolohyya y fytopatolohyya, 3, 1, 56–60.
Yakutkyn V. Y., Tavolzhanskyy N. P., Honcharov N. R. (2011) Zashchyta podsolnechnyka ot bolezney [Protection of sunflower against diseases]. Zashchyta y
karantyn rastenyy, 3, 70–91.
Karantyn roslyn. Metody mikolohichnoyi ekspertyzy pidkarantynnykh materialiv, DSTU 4180-2003. (2003) [Quarantine of plants. Methods of mycological examination of subquarantine materials]. [Chynnyy vid 2004-07-01]. Kyyiv: Derzhstandart Ukrayiny, 38. – (Natsionalʹnyy standart Ukrayiny)
Vyznachnyk hrybiv Ukrayiny (1971) [Identifier of fungi in Ukraine] / pid red. D. K. Zerova, K., Naukova dumka, 4, 519.
Kyray 3., Klement 3., Shoymonsh F., Veresh Y (1974) Metody fytopatolohyy [Methods of phytopathology]. Moscow, Kolos, 3–40.
Degener J., Melchinger A. E., Hahn V. (1999) Resistance in the leaf and stem of sunflower after infection with two isolates of Phomopsis. Plant Breeding, 118, 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00410.x
Yakutkyn V. Y. (1991) Ydentyfykatsyya vozbudytelya fomopsysa podsolnechnyka y metody eho ucheta [Identification of causative agent of phoemopsis sunflower and methods of its account]. Ltningrad, (Metodycheskye ukazanyya. VASKHNYL, VYZR), 19.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
