Characteristics of new varieties of winter common wheat breeding of the myronivka institute of wheat as the allelic state of the Lr34 leaf rust resistance gene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.03.018Abstract
Identification of the allele state Lr34 gene of resistance to the brown rust causative agent by a dominant marker based on polymorphism in 12 exons of caSNP12 in new varieties of soft winter wheat and their investigations on resistance to pathogens of brown rust and powdery mildew in conditions of artificial and provocative infectious backgrounds are conducted. The affection of the newly created varieties by brown rust and powdery mildew exciters during the three years of investigations was within the range of 0.1-10.0% and 1-20 %, respectively. The damage plants of the variety Podolanka (standard) by exciter of powdery mildew in researched years (2015, 2016, 2017) was: 10, 15 and 10 %, respectively, and brown rust - 10, 15, 0%. The affection of the susceptible to the exciter powdery mildew variety Keprock was at the level of 15, 35, 15 %. The brown rust has developed at the susceptible variety Mironivska 10 at 15%, 30%, and in 2017 year, the disease on wheat plants did not revealed.
The varieties Bereginya Mironivska, MIP Dnipryanka and Balada Mironivska - contain the allele Lr34 (+), which is only 20% of the among 15 studied varieties according to the results of identification allelic state of the gene Lr34. It is known that the Lr34 gene is not race specific. It provides overall resistance to different pathotypes of brown rust in adult plants. That’s why, the results suggest that in the creation of new varieties of wheat resistant to brown rust, it is necessary to use varieties with the identified "stable" allele of the gene Lr34 as a source of stability in breeding.
A comparative analysis of the obtained data from previous investigations for identification of the allelic state of the Lr34 gene in varieties created at Mironivka Institute of Wheat named after V. M. Remeslo are conducted. According to the results of the analysis, among the 62 varieties investigated, only 8 (12.9%) contain the allele Lr34 (+) – Kryzhinka (entered in 2002 to the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dessemination in Ukraine), Vesta (2003), Snijana (2004), Volodarka (2005), Demetra (Mironivska 35) (2005), Pamyati Remesla (2009), Vdyachna (2005 transmitted to the SCE), Svyatkova (2006 transmitted to the SCE). The 8 varieties Illichivka (1974), Myronivska 30 (1995), Mironivska 32, Mironivska 65 (2000), Mironivska 66 (2000), Pyvna (2006), Economca (2008), Legenda Mironivska (2012) exhibit polymorphisms for the genome Lr34. Possibly the small frequency of the dominant allele Lr34 gene in variety of MIW is related to the difficulty of identifying under field conditions in the zone of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine by classical breeding methods, since the varieties of SGI (Step) its frequency 60.8%.
Key words: Triticum aestivum, breeding, variety, resistance, disease, pathogen, leaf rust, powdery mildew, Lr34, Yr18, Pm38, caSNP12.
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