Ecological and hygienic assessment of water quality in dnipro river using the methods of integral assessment and cluster analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.03.004Abstract
It was determined that the water quality in Dnipro River in the water of 12 sampling locations, which were located from the upper part to the lower part of the Dnipro River, during 2015-2017 had elevated levels of organic and bioorganic substances, what coincides with the data of 1990s. The average content of COD remained virtually unchanged (27,66 ± 0,203) and exceeded the hygienic standard for the sources of potable water (15,0 мг/л) by almost two times.
To simplify the assessment of the quality of river water for the content of organic substances in different sampling points, an integral indicator was used. This method is becoming popular despite its shortcomings, due to the availability, unity of the calculation procedure, the development of a mathematical apparatus and the ability to quickly solve problems, primarily, with a view to comparative assessment of changes in the characteristics of various objects or objects in time. Integral assessment of ecological state of river water allowed identifying of the areas with the similar quality of ecological state of the river regarding the content of organic substances and conducting of the quantitative assessment. It was found that the most problematic quality was in the water from the sampling location of the 6th Kamianets Reservoir (near Goryshni Plavni). According to the calculated integral index value sampling locations can be divided and can be put in the following row: 6 > 5 > 1 – 4 > 7 – 11 > 12. The significant increase of index was determined in location 5 (1,5 times) and 6 (1,2 times more), its decrease – in location 12 (nearly 1,8 times).
Indicators of water quality in river water (dissolved oxygen, color, ammonium, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate ion, iron, and manganese) were grouped based on the method of cluster analysis according to the similar characteristics. It was determined that the nearest location in multidimensional space have iron, manganese, phosphorus, and nitrogen, and then they are adjoined by oxygen; mentioned indicators create the first cluster, COD and color belong to second cluster. Two main clusters were also delineated from the sampling locations: 1 – 6 (near Kyiv – near Goryshni Plavni) and 7 – 12 (Kamianske – Kherson). Two clusters contain four clusters with minimum distances, according to these distances they can be put in the following row: 7 – 8 < 9 – 10 < 11 – 12 (first cluster) < 2 – 4 (second cluster). Quality in the river water in two sampling locations has similar characteristics. It is confirmed that in order to effectively carry out the state monitoring of the quality of natural waters in accordance with the requirements of European legislation, including sources of drinking water supply, it is expedient to use methods of cluster analysis and integral assessment. Of particular relevance are the methods of mathematical processing of data in the case of processing a large database in order to identify the dynamics of changes in the quality of natural waters in the spatial-temporal aspect.
Key words: surface water, organic substances, integral assessment, cluster analysis
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