OBTAINING HAPLOIDS AND DIHAPLOIDS OF SUGAR BEET (Beta vulgaris L.) IN VITRO CONDITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/biologiya13(3-4).2022.004Keywords:
sugar beet, haploids, dihaploids, callus, regenerant plantsAbstract
Biotechnological methods play a significant role in the breeding process, as they have a mechanism to develop parent material with high efficiency. The priority approach in modern innovative plant biotechnology is the method of experimental haploidy. The stepwise pretreatment of isolated buds with reduced (+4°C for 36 hours) and increased temperatures (+22°C for 21 days and +30°C – 10, 14, 21 days) was selected and applied, which ensures to complete the differentiation process. It was shown that for the induction of embryogenic development, regardless of the genotype, the optimal temperature was +30°C for the cultivation for 21 days. At the same time, the regenerative capacity of the obtained embryos depended on the initial genotype. The obtained rooted haploid regenerant plants with normal geo- and phototropic reaction were transferred to the diploid level (2n=38) by treatment the root system of an aqueous solution of 0.1% colchicine for 4 hours. It was found that the creation of homozygous lines depends on genotypic characteristics of the donor material, which defines the number of haploid regenerant plants obtained with various specific features. In this case, the sequence of nutrient media for the stabilization of haploid forms is strong important. Depending on the regenerants morphological development, the alternation of hormone-free and media supplemented with phytohormones contributes to the survival of plants in the range of 90-95%. The explants influence on the regenerative capacity of haploid plants was studied. It is shown that the nerves and leafstalks of sugar beet are optimal for inducing the processes of direct and indirect morphogenesis in vitro. The developed method for obtaining haploid plants directly from CMS lines of sugar beets makes it possible to obtain homozygous material in a short time. These materials can be used in heterosis breeding process, since homozygosity is achieved by traditional methods through inbreeding and the appearance of inbred depression.
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