Zonal distribution and taxonomic structure of cystos-forming of structure of cystos-forming nematodes of cultural and natural phytocenoses

Анотація

Abstract: During the period of scientific research, 12 species of cyst-forming nematodes were identified, the vast majority of which belong to the genus Heterodera. The spread of pathogenic species in the regions of traditional cultivation of major crops indicates a high degree of their trophic specialization. Multi-field anti-nematode crop rotations have been an effective preventive measure to control the number of cyst-forming nematodes for a long time. In particular, to prevent mass accumulation of cyst-forming nematodes, the maximum saturation of crop rotations with host plants should not exceed: cereals - 40%, beets, canola and other oil cabbage - 20%, potatoes - 20% (10% susceptible + 10% resistant to nematodes) , perennial legumes - 30% (crops under the cover of cereals + perennial legumes - one or two years of use). However, the current transition from multi-field to short-rotation crop rotations has led to a narrowing of the species diversity of cultivated plants, and in accordance with the mass reproduction of pests and their high harmfulness. Intensive use of chemical plant protection products does not provide a solution to these problems, as it eventually leads to the formation of resistant populations of pests, as well as environmental pollution. Therefore, even partial replacement in modern systems of integrated plant protection of pesticides of chemical origin with environmentally friendly drugs of complex prolonged action of new generation, which combine the properties of bio-inducers, bio-stimulants, bio-fungicides, nematicides, insecticides, antistressants and adaptogens, will promote ecological production. obtaining safe plant products. Among the various ways of using plant protection products, pre-sowing treatment of seed or planting material is one of the most rational, given the minimal cost of active substances and low cost of protective measures.