Spatio-temporal dynamics of hydromorphic landscapes formation in Kaniv reservoir
Abstract
Abstract. The impact of reservoirs on the environment and on living conditions of the population in river basins with regulated runoff attracts more and more attention all over the world. After all, on the one hand, it is the economic development of the territories where they are located (electricity generation, land irrigation, industrial and municipal water supply, etc.), and on the other – a significant impact on the nature, nearby lands flooding, shores destroying, water quality deteriorating, etc.
The subject of this research is the dynamics of hydromorphic landscapes formation in the Kaniv Reservoir in time and in space during the period of its operation in 1976-2020. Research methods included scientific analysis of previous research results, field water and land routes in the water area and on islands and coasts with geospatial determination of observation points by GPS receiver, descriptions of soil profile on islands (including newly created ones) by standard methods, mapping of coastal-aquatic and aquatic vegetation distribution using materials of the Earth remote sensing (space images of the satellites Landsat-2, 4-5, 8, and in recent years - Sentinel-2a and 2b).
It is established that the increase in the area of hydromorphic landscapes in the Kaniv Reservoir in 1981-2000 averaged 49 ha / year, in 2001-2018 - 86 ha / year, and the average increase for the whole period was 70.5 ha / year. The total area of these landscapes growth was 2680 hectares, with the largest increase in the upper and middle part of the reservoir.
As part of the diverse and well-studied vegetation of the reservoir, it is advisable to emphasize the distribution (expansion) of “floating water nut” (Trapa natans L.) and “yellow jugs” (Nuphar lutea), listed in the Green Book of Ukraine (2009), in the upper part of the reservoir in in conditions of shallow water, organic matter inflow with wastewater and high summer temperatures.
The area of hydromorphic landscapes intensive increase is observed and forecasted in the rear (relative to the current) part of the large islands in the upper part of the reservoir, along the left bank of the dam to the Kyiliv village, in the area of wetlands between the Kyiliv village and the Rzhyshchiv military training ground. Active overgrowing with aquatic vegetation (with floating leaves) continues in the summer throughout the territory between the Ukrainka town and the Kyiliv village. Fragmentary formation of hydromorphic landscapes continues along the high banks (marl cliffs) of the right bank on landslide deposits.
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