ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF FOOD AND DRINKING WATER
Abstract
The substances which are able to provoke the emergence of malignant tumors are the most dangerous among the contaminants of food and drinking water. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines and heavy metals are recovered among the most dangerous carcinogenic substances. A definition of the content of benzopyrene, nitrosamines, cadmium and chromium in food and drinking water products of the standard diet of the population of Zhytomyr was realized. The non-carcinogenic (hazard ratio) and the carcinogenic risk of their influence during the oral intake in the human body was calculated, as well as the most dangerous of them were set.
It was found that the levels of contamination with heavy metals the dietary products of the population have not exceed the relevant maximum allowable concentrations. The content of chromium and cadmium in the muscle tissue of pond fish - Cyprinus carpio is an exception because it is equal to an amount equivalent to 1.1 MAC for cadmium and to 1.85 MPC for chromium. The exceeding of the permissible levels of benzopyrene content in food and water are not fixed. The content of benzopyrene in crop production ranged from 0.00002 to 0.00068mg/kg, and it reached a maximum value in the roots of red beet and potato tubers. The total content of nitrosamines has been minimal in the milk and milk products, but in smoked sausage it reached the level of 1.3 MAC.
The value of the total cancer risk is formed by the consumption of water and food contaminated by cadmium and chromium, while the contribution of benzopyrene in the total risk value is only 0.5% of the contribution of the other chemical contaminants. The investigated chemicals are the most dangerous for the occurrence of various diseases of the blood (HQ=1,144).
The total cancer risk from use of the standard diet of the population was estimated as high. The high cancer risk in the context of individual foods is set for bread and bakery products, fish and fish products, drinking water, and alarming risk is set for milk and dairy products, potatoes and vegetables. The use of meat and meat products, as well as vegetable oils was the most safety because the carcinogenic risk was assessed as valid for them.
Keywords: food products, contamination, benzopyrene, nitrosamines, cadmium, chromium, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk.
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