Photosynthetic productivity of melilotus albus in single-species and combined crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi6(106).2023.009Keywords:
bean and cereal crops, leaf area, photosynthetic potential, photosynthesis productivity, dry matterAbstract
There is a significant shortage of high-protein feed in all regions of Ukraine. One of the ways to solve this problem and a powerful reserve for reducing the cost of livestock production is the cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses, among which Melilotus albus deserves special attention - a valuable fodder crop that, even under extreme hydrothermal conditions, forms stable and high yields of vegetative mass, each kilogram of which contains 34-44 g of digestible protein. Today, there is insufficient scientific information about the high fodder and agrotechnical value of Melilotus albus, regarding the peculiarities of its cultivation for fodder in mixed crops with cereal crops. Photosynthetic activity of crops belongs to the main factors of formation of productivity of fodder agrophytocenoses. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of technological factors of cultivation on the photosynthetic productivity of Melilotus albus in single-species and crops compatible with cereal components. The research was conducted during 2015-2018 at the experimental fields of the Department of Fodder Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the conditions of the SS NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. It was established that under the investigated rates of mineral fertilizers and grass mixture models, the most developed photosynthetic apparatus was formed by crops with a Melilotus albus seeding rate of 16 kg/ha. As it increased, the leaf surface of fodder agrophytocenoses decreased. Before the onset of harvest maturity, the largest leaf area in the experiment was formed by binary crops of Melilotus albus with Sorghum drummondii against the background of - N60P90K90 application - 52.5 thousand m2/ha. Sowings of the indicated variant of the experiment also provided the maximum photosynthetic potential - 1279.7 thousand m2×day/ha and the maximum productivity in the experiment in terms of dry matter yield – 7.94 t/ha.
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