The ecological and comparative analysis of daily changes of the vegetative balance in the body

Abstract

In the last decade more and more attention has been paid to the influence of environmental factors on the physiological and functional processes in the human body, which in turn directly affects the etiology and development of changes in its state of life and health. Daily fluctuations in human functional status reflect the impact of sunlight as a global environmental factor on biological organisms, provided and coordinated through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It has been established that the response of the organism to various stress effects is largely determined by the ratio of the tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the ANS. The action of abiotic environmental factors and other strong stimuli trains the nervous system, enhances its ability to give a wall (sympathicotropic) response to a strong stimulus by activating adaptive mechanisms. There is little information on changes in the vegetative balance and functional state of the human body at different parts of the day, in the morning, midday and evening. The study of the effect of the period of day on the vegetative status and functional state of the girls’ body is the purpose of the study.

The determination of vegetative status and orientation of vegetative activity in the girls’ body was performed using the functional-vegetative diagnostics (FVD) according to the method of V. Makats which is officially authorized by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. 82 Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University (VMKSPU) students aged 18-21 years and 164 girls of mixed age group of 7-15 years old were surveyed. The students underwent rehabilitation in the resorts "Niva" and "Prolisok" in Morshyn. FVD was conducted in the morning at 7:00-8:00, in the afternoon at 12:00-13:00 and in the evening at 17:00-18:00 hours. The mathematical and statistical processing of the observation results was carried out using the method of nonparametric statistics offered by E.A. Derevianko in order to determine the magnitude of the shift of a function under study.

In the analysis of systemic vegetative dependence in the group of VMKSPU students of, at the age of 18-21 it was found that the factor of part of the day influences the formation of the general vegetative status. All functional systems of the I and II functional complexes are excited, increasing relative to the norm, which generally provides the formation of general sympathetic orientation of vegetative homeostasis, especially this is expressed in the morning. During the day and in the evening, the activity of the FS continues to decline. This decrease prepares the body to change the orientation of the balance of autonomic activity from sympathetic to parasympathetic which occurs during sleep at night. When analyzing the dispersion of vegetative levels, it was observed that, regardless of the part of day, all the surveyed girls were in a state of slight insignificant sympathicotonia, the level of which was slightly higher than the norm of 15%. Likewise, irrespective of the part of the day, the number of girls surveyed which are in the vegetative equilibrium zone is below 70%. The highest value is observed in the daytime of the year and the lowest in the evening. When comparing the morning, day and evening, the highest number of patients with parasympathetic activity was found in the evening, 24.2%, and the lowest in the daytime.

It was found that, in general, changes in vegetative status and systemic functional dependence are unidirectional in two observation groups in a comparative analysis of systemic vegetative dependence in a group of girls aged 7-15 years old who underwent rehabilitation in sanatoria "Niva" and "Snowdrop" in Morshyn with a group of students of VMKSPU. In the group of girls of 7-15 years old these changes are more chaotic and pronounced, which is related to the age characteristics of this group. When analyzing the dispersion of vegetative levels in this group of girls, it was found that, regardless of the part of the day, all surveyed girls were in a state of significant sympathicotonia, the level of which exceeds the norm of 15%. So, in the morning and evening it is more than 2.5 times and in the daytime 3.2 times. Also, irrespective of the time of day, the number of girls surveyed in the vegetative equilibrium zone is below 70%. The highest value was also observed in the daytime and the lowest one in the evening. When comparing morning, midday and evening, the highest number of patients with parasympathetic activity was found in the evening, 19.2%, and the lowest in the daytime, that is 14.9%.

The predicted influence of the part of day on the state of the autonomic nervous system and the functional state of the human body has been revealed as a result of our research. In the morning, there is a pronounced sympathetic orientation of the autonomic balance and in the evening the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increases. The influence of abiotic environmental factors, including the factor of the part of the day, on the state of the autonomic nervous system and the functional state of the human body is not constant. The change in the vegetative balance is the result of evolutionary-adaptive mechanisms of adaptation of living organisms to changes in the environment.