Effect of microorganisms with fungicidal and insecticidal actions on biological activity of soil of root zone of maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2020.04.005Keywords:
carbon dioxide emission, biomass of microorganisms, antifungal activity, phytotoxicity, number of micromycetes, maize, biological products, microorganisms, biofungicideAbstract
Intensive agricultural production and high crop yields increase the anthropogenic load not only on agrocenoses, but also natural ecosystems. Obtaining the highest quality agricultural products with high yields is the foundation of efficient management. However, one of the obstacles to obtaining such products are diseases of crops, the pathogens of which are transmitted through seed or accumulate in the soil. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with pesticides of protective and insecticidal action has a significant advantage over the treatment of vegetative plants, as it is less time-consuming and economically feasible.
Farmers, in today's conditions, to combat pests and plant diseases, fungal and bacterial origin, are offered a wide range of chemical seed disinfectants. The vast majority of modern chemical pesticides eliminate existing problems, but lead to the deterioration of the ecological state of agrocenoses. Therefore, the biological method of protection based on the use of living microorganisms and products of their metabolism is becoming more and more widespread in agricultural technologies during the cultivation of cereals.
The aim of our work was to determine the effect of the composition of promising strains of microorganisms that have protective and insecticidal effects on the biological activity of the soil of the root zone of maize plants.
Maize hybrids Khorol SV (FAO 270) and Vizier (FAO 350) were used in the study. The area of the experimental plots is 25.2 m2 with a row spacing of 0.7 m and a seed sowing rate of 50 thousand seeds per ha. Repeatability of the experiment - 3 times. Agricultural techniques are generally accepted for the conditions of the Forest-Steppe. Pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds was performed with a mixture of chemicals (Maxim XL and Cruiser, Syngenta) and a complex of microorganisms № 1 (Paenibacillus polymyxa 6M, Pseudomonas fluorescens K-11, titer ‒ 3.2 * 109 CFU / ml, use rate ‒ 0, 5 l per 100 kg of seeds) and № 2 (Bacillus thuringiensis 2729 and Streptomyces spp., titer ‒ 4.7 * 109 CFU / ml, utilization rate 1.25 l per 100 kg of seeds). Research scheme: 1. control (corn seeds without treatment), 2. pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of drugs Maxim XL+Cruiser; 3. pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2.
Soil samples were taken in the phase of ejection of the panicle in accordance with generally accepted methods. Determined: the number of micromycetes, the carbon content of microbial biomass, the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from the soil, phytoxicity and antifungal activity. Statistical processing of experimental results was performed in the program Statistica 6.0.
The root zone of plants has the highest activity where all the positive and negative aspects of the relationship between microorganisms and plants are manifested. And the quantitative characteristic of these relationships is the biological activity of the soil.
It is shown that pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds Maxim XL+Cruiser inhibited the development of micromycetes in the soil by 2.4–3.3 times compared to the control. However, the use of a complex of compositions № 1 and № 2, in terms of efficiency was not inferior to chemicals and contributed to a reduction in the number of micromycetes by 1.8–2.2 times. Thus, the protective function of the complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2 was manifested in inhibiting the development of microscopic fungi during the growing season of maize plants, which in turn indicates the successful colonization of the root zone of maize plants by microorganisms-agents of compositions № 1 and № 2. It was found that the biomass content of microorganisms depended on the means of pre-sowing seed treatment, type of hybrid and year of study. It should be noted that seed treatment Maxim XL + Cruiser reduced the microbial biomass by 27-32.5% depending on the maize hybrid. It was found that the use of a complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2 contributed to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions by 5.4‒10.8% compared to the control and variants with chemical seed treatment. In turn, the emission index of soil carbon dioxide decreased under the action of chemicals by 13–18.8% relative to the control, which indicates a decrease in the intensity of microbiocenosis of the root zone of maize plants. It should be noted that the soil of the root zone of maize plants in the phase of panicle ejection did not have phytotoxic properties, which proves the lack of accumulation of spores of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria in the soil. The antifungal activity of the soil of the maize root zone was determined by the inhibition of the development of the test culture and the zone of mycelial lysis around the soil lumps. In the control variant, where no seed treatment was performed, the transparent zones of growth inhibition of the phytopathogen ranged from 1.1 to 2.3 mm. Therefore, according to the scale of antifungal activity, the control variant is characterized by a low level. The use of a complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2 contributed to the increase of antifungal activity of the soil, the zone of suppression of the test culture was 8.1 - 9 mm (which is 4-7.3 times higher than the control variant, and 1.5 times higher than the use of chemical drugs). Thus, in the conditions of temporary field studies it is proved that bioagents of the complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2, introducing into the root zone of maize plants by pre-sowing seed treatment initiate changes in the soil microbiocenosis. Therefore, the complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2 is a promising basis for the creation of a complex biological product with fungi-insecticidal properties. The complex of compositions of microorganisms № 1 and № 2 is recommended for agricultural producers as one of the modern methods of ecologically safe agriculture, which will provide biological control of plant diseases during the whole period of their growth, as well as during storage of agricultural products and seeds.
References
Petroni, K., Tonelli, S. (2014). Anthocyanins in corn: the wealth of genes for human health. Planta, 240 (5): 901-911.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2131-1
Lago, C., Landoni, M., Cassani, E., Cantaluppi, E., Doria, E., Nielsen, E., Annamaria G, Pilu, R. (2015). Study and Characterization of an Ancient European Flint White Maize Richin Anthocyanins: Millo Corvo from Galicia.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126521
Fravel, D. R. (1988). Role of antibiosis in the biocontrol of plant diseases. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 26, 75-91.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.26.090188.000451
Sherstoboeva, O. V., Rylskyi, O. F., Bilyavsky, Y. V. (2012). Drotianyk v ahrofitotsenozakh soi riznykh sortiv za dii mikrobnykh preparative [Wireworm in agrophytocenoses of soybeans of different varieties under the action of microbial drugs]. Agroecological journal, 3, 136-139 (in Ukrainian).
Klimenko, A. M. (2014). Posivni yakosti ta mikoflora nasinnia kukurudzy pid vplyvom preparativ zakhysnoi dii. [Sowing qualities and mycoflora of corn seeds under the influence of protective drugs]. Agroecological Journal, 1, 111-114 (in Ukrainian).
Vasilieva, V. L., Kulinichenko, V. L. (1999). Svitohliadni ta metodolohichni zasady mikrobiolohichnoho metodu zakhystu roslyn vid shkidnykiv i khvorob. [Worldview and methodological principles of the microbiological method of plant protection against pests and diseases]. Microbiological Journal, 61, 6, 75-85 (in Ukrainian).
Chernobay, L. M., Petrenkova, V. P., Borovskaya, I. Y., Farrakhova, M. O. (2009). Zakonomirnosti uspadkovuvannia stiikosti kukurudzy do fuzarioznoi steblovoi hnyli v zalezhnosti vid anatomo-morfolohinykh osoblyvostei stebla [Regularities of inheritance of resistance of corn to fusarium stem rot depending on anatomical and morphological features of a stalk]. Breeding and seed production, 97, 40-51. DOI: doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2009.77045 (in Ukrainian).
Kryuchkova, L. O. (1998). Zbudnyky korenevykh hnylei. [Pathogens of root rot]. Plant protection, 5, 9-10 (in Ukrainian).
Chernytsky, Y. O., Kopylov, E. P., Nadkernychnyi, S. P. (2003). Antahonistychni vlastyvosti Bacillius subtilis 23 shchodo zbudnykiv korenevykh hnylei ozymoi pshenytsi [Antagonistic properties of Bacillius subtilis 23 on pathogens of root rot of winter wheat]. Bulletin of agrarian science of the Black Sea region, 3 (23), 90-96 (in Ukrainian).
Gabdulin, V. R., Apaeva, N. N., Martynova, G. P. (2010). Vlyianye sovmestnoho prymenenyia byolohycheskykh y khymycheskykh preparatov na porazhenye yarovoi pshenytsu bolezniamy [Influence of joint application of biological and chemical preparations on defeat of spring wheat by diseases]. Scientific journal of KubSAU, 56 (02) (in Russian).
Volkogon, V. V., Kolomiets, L. P., Pirig, O. V. (2012). Vplyv mikrobnykh preparativ na formuvannia fotosyntetychnoho aparatu roslyn liupynu zhovtoho pry dii virusnoi infektsii [Influence of microbial preparations on the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of yellow lupine plants under the action of viral infection]. Bulletin of the Institute of Agriculture of the steppe zone, 3, 45-49 (in Ukrainian).
Bilyavska, L. G., Sherstoboeva, O. V., Bilyavsky, Y. V. (2010). Reaktsiia sortiv soi do bakteryzatsii nasinnia za riznykh pohodnykh umov. [Reaction of soybean varieties to bacterization of seeds under different weather conditions]. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 4, 47-49 (in Ukrainian).
Sherstoboeva O., Demyanyuk O., Bunas A., Shatsman D. (2020). The Influence of the Weather Conditions on Biological Soil Activity and Maize Productivity. Annals of Agrarian Science, 18, 1, 97-105.
Demyanyuk, O. S., Patyka, V. P. , Sherstoboeva, О. V., Bunas, A. А. (2018). Formation of the structure of microbiocenoses of soils agroecosystems depending on trophic and hydrothermic factors. Biosystems diversity, 26(2), 103-110.
https://doi.org/10.15421/011816
Kurdish, I. K. (2010). Introduktsiia mikroorhanizmiv u ahroekosystemy [Introduction of microorganisms in agroecosystems: monograph]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 255 (in Ukrainian).
Parke, J., Keister, D., Cregan, P., Dordrecht, B. (1991). Root colonization by indigenous and introduced microorganisms. The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth, 33-42.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3336-4_4
Sherstoboeva, O. V. (2001). Azotfiksuiuchi shtamy Bacillus polymyxa yak osnova preparatu dlia zakhystu roslyn vid hrybnykh khvorob [Nitrogen-fixing strains of Bacillus polymyxa as a basis for the preparation of plant protection against fungal diseases]. Agroecological Journal, 2, 55-58 (in Ukrainian).
Morgun, V. V., Kots, S. Ya., Kirichenko, O. V. (2009). Poststymulyruiushchye ryzobakteryy y ykh praktycheskoe prymenenye [Poststimulating rhizobacteria and their practical application]. Physiology, biochemistry of cultivated plants, 41, 3, 187-207 (in Ukrainian).
Van Overbeek, L. S., Van Elsas, J. D. (1995). Root exudateinduced promoter activity in Pseudomonas fluorescens mutants in the wheat rhizosphere. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 61. 890-898.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.61.3.890-898.1995
Demyanyuk, O. S., Sherstoboeva, О. V., Bunas, A. A., Dmitrenko, O. V. (2018). Effects of different fertilizer systems and hydrothermal factors on microbial activity in the chernozem in Ukraine. Biosystems diversity, 26(4), 38-44.
https://doi.org/10.15421/011846
Shaposhnikov, A. I. (2003). Mekhanyzmu antahonystycheskoho deistvyia bakteryi na fytopatohennue hrybu v ryzosfere ovoshchnukh kultur [Mechanisms of antagonistic action of bacteria on phytopathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere of vegetable crops]. State Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology. St.-Petersburg, 163 (in Russian).
Tikhonovich, I. A., Provorov, N. A. (2007). Kooperatsyia rastenyi y mykroorhanyzmov: novue podkhodu k konstruyrovanyiu эkolohychesky ustoichyvukh ahrosystem. [Plant and microorganism cooperation: new approaches to the design of environmentally sustainable agricultural systems]. Successes of modern biology, 4, 339-357 (in Russian).
Bunas, A. A., Chabanyuk, Ya. V. (2011). Peretvorennia azotu v systemi roslyna ripaku-substrat za dii diazotrofiv Bacillus subtilis A-29 i Pseudomonas aureofaciens K-11 [Redisorption of nitrogen into the system of growth of ripaku - substrate for diazotrophs of Bacillus subtilis A-29 and Pseudomonas aureofaciens K-11]. Science Newsletter of the Chernivtsi University. Biology (Biological systems), 3, 4, 458-461 (in Ukrainian).
Volkogon, V. V. ed. (2006). Mikrobni preparaty u zemlerobstvi. Teoriia i praktyka [Microbial preparations for earthmoving. Theory and practice]. Kiev: Agrarian Science, 312 (in Ukrainian).
Smirnov, V. V., Patika, V. P., Pidgorsky, V. S., Iutinskaya, G. O., Antipchuk, A. F. (2002). Mikrobni biotekhnolohii v silskomu hospodarstvi [Microbial biotechnology in the state thanks]. Agroecological journal, 4, 5-9 (in Ukrainian).
Kurdish, I. K. (2009). Azohran - hranulovanyi bakterialnyi preparat novoho pokolinnia dlia roslynnytstva [Azogran - granulation is a new generation bacterial preparation for roslinnitstva]. Science and Innovation, 5, 2, 50-52 (in Ukrainian).
https://doi.org/10.15407/scin5.02.050
Sverchkova, N. V., Kolomiyets, E. I. (2006). Dynamyka rosta y antahonystycheskoi aktyvnosty shtamma bakteryi Bacillius pumilus BYM Y-263 - osnovи byopreparata эnatyn. [The growth dynamics and antagonistic activity of the bacterial strain Bacillius pumilus BIM I-263 - the basis of the biological product enatin]. Plant Protection. Plant Protection Strategy and Tactics: Scientific Conference, dedicated. The 35th anniversary of the organization of the RUE "Plant Protection Institute" of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. (Minsk), 503 (in Russian).
Shevchuk, M. Y., Kachuk, S. V., Kolomіts, V. O. (2003). Ahat-25K - biofunhitsyd novoho pokolinnia. [Agate-25K is a new generation biofungicide]. Proposition, 3, 70-71 (in Ukrainian).
Kopylov, Ye. P., Tsekhmister, H. V. (2018). Vplyv Trichoderma viride 017 na mikotsenoz korenevoi zony roslyn ohirkiv [Influence of Trichoderma viride 017 on the mycocenosis of the root zone of cucumber plants]. Bioresources and nature management, 5-6, 9, 80-88 (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.31548/bio2017.05.010
Volkohon, V. V. ed, (2010). Eksperymentalna hruntova mikrobiolohiia ta in. [Experimental hrunt microbiology ta in.]. Kyiv: «Ahrarna nauka», 464 (in Ukrainian).
Blagodatskyj, S. A., Bogomolova, I. N. and Blagodatskaya, E. V. (2008). Mikrobnaya biomassa i kinetika rosta mikroorganizmov v chernozemakh pri razlichnom selskokhozyaystvennom ispolzovanii [Microbial biomass and growth kinetics of microorganisms in chernozem soils under different land use modes]. Microbiology, 77(1), 113-120 (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261708010141
Sherstoboieva, O. V., Chaikovska, V. V., Chabaniuk, Ya. V., Iutynska, H. O., Antypchuk, A. F. (2007). Sposib vyznachennia antymikrobnoi aktyvnosti hruntu [The method of determining the antimicrobial activity of the soil]. Patent Ukrainy № 26942; declared 07.06.2007; publ. 10.10.2007. (in Ukrainian).
Mochalov, Yu. M., Sherstoboev, N. K. (23.01.1982). Certificate of authorship 628143 SSSR, M. Kl3 G 01 N 33/24. Sposob opredelenyia fytotoksychnosty pochvы (SSSR). 2937051/30-15; declared 17.03.80; № 3. (in Russian).
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).