Improvement of genetic potential cultural form of eggplant due to hybridization with a line of interspecies origin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi.3(109).2024.009Keywords:
eggplant species Solanum melongena L., eggplant species Solanum aethiopicum Gilo group, interspecific hybridization, line, quantitative traits, F2 hybrids, inbred generation I1Abstract
As a result of domestication, the created varieties and hybrids F1 of the cultivated form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) are characterized by low genetic variability and unsatisfactory adaptive potential for a set of quantitative traits useful for breeding and therefore require a significant renewal of the genetic plasma due to interspecific hybridization with other representatives of the Solanum genus. The goal is to create, for adaptive breeding, the starting material of a cultured form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) due to hybridization with a line of interspecies origin, derived from the fertile progeny of the hybrid F1(S. melongena / S. aethiopicum Gilo group). Methods: general scientific, measuring, weighting, variational statistics (calculation of root mean square deviation (σ), coefficient of variation (V)). Results. As a result of the hybridization of varieties and lines of the cultivated form of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) with the line of interspecific origin BC2[F5 (Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)], the hybrid progeny F2 and the inbred progeny I1, derived from the hybrids F1, which according to the levels of manifestation quantitative traits valuable for breeding had a steady tendency to exceed the standard Almaz variety. The hybrid F2(BiboF8 / ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)]) (Xmed = 1101.8 g/plant) was highly productive. The high level of manifestation of the traits “number of fruits per plant” (Xmed = 5.56 pcs.) and “average weight of the fruit” (Xmed = 263.1 g) was noted by the hybrid F2(ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)] / BiboF8). Compared to the standard variety, the same F2 hybrid showed trait of early ripeness (by 2 days) in terms of the duration of the period from the appearance of mass seedlings to the technical ripeness of the fruits. In the studied sample of different eggplant progeny, those in which the coefficient of variation (V) did not exceed the limit of 33.33% already in the second year of breeding, which, according to the theory of statistical analysis, is a criterion of genetic stabilization of the corresponding quantitative trait at the level of the varietal population of plants. According to this criterion, samples F1 (Aisberh variety / ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)])I1 and F1(ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)] / BiboF8)I1, according to the trait “average fruit weight” – F2(Long Violet / ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)]), according to the trait “productivity of one plant” – F1(ВС2[F5(Pavlotas-20 / Almaz variety)] / BiboF8)I1. Discussion. Valuable genetic sources obtained on an interspecies basis will be involved in the breeding process of creating highly adaptive varieties and F1 hybrids of eggplant, suitable for organic growing technologies due to high abiotic resistance and the presence of genes for resistance to fungal diseases (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae, Ralstonia solanacearum).
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