Dynamics of green biomass and dry matter yield formation in esparcet as affected by elements of cultivation technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi.3(109).2024.010Keywords:
yield, dry matter, safflower seed, sowing rates, sowing methods, fertilizersAbstract
Perennial legume crops are crucial for solving the problem of feed protein. In addition, due to the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, they constitute the basis of biological farming in today’s agriculture. Among a number of perennial legume crops, esparcet deserves special attention, as it ensures a steady yield of green biomass. It is not highly demanding on soil fertility. Also, it is a good honey plant and medicinal crop. The article discusses the influence of the elements of cultivation technology on the yield of green biomass and dry matter in esparect. The highest yields of green biomass and dry matter of the biomass for 2 harvests were obtained for harvesting at the start of the budding stage at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha, a row width of30 cm, and the application of fertiliser N30P60K90: 43.4 t/ha of green biomass and 11.0 t/ha of dry matter. We found that the influence of the studied factors was not the same. The highest yields were obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha, while an increase in the sowing rate to 7 million seeds/ha or a decrease to 5 million seeds/ha led to a decrease in yield. The lowest yields were recorded in a control treatment at a sowing rate of 5 million seeds/ha: 37.1 t/ha of green biomass and 8.1 t/ha of dry matter. The highest yields were obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million seeds/ha: 38.4 t/ha of green biomass and 8.7 t/ha of dry matter. An increase in the sowing rate to 7 million seeds/ha did not increase the yield, but led to a slight decrease in the yield of dry biomass and dry matter: 37.8 t/ha and 8.6 t/ha, respectively. The factor of fertilisation was less influent. When nitrogen was added to the phosphorus-potassium fertiliser N30P60K90, we recorded the highest yields: 43.4 t/ha of dry biomass and 11.0 t/ha of dry matter. With an increase in nitrogen rate to N45P60K90, the yield of green biomass remained at the same level; however, the yield of dry matter slightly decreased to 10.8 t/ha.
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