Features of the formation of the height of soybean varieties of different maturity groups
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi.3(109).2024.025Keywords:
soybean, plant height, attachment of lower beans, maturity group, plant weightAbstract
The article presents the results of the analysis of the formation of the height of soybean plants, their weight, attachment of the lower beans on the plant in different groups of soybean maturity. The research was conducted in 2022–2024 at NATASHA AGRO LLC of the Chernihiv region. Soy varieties, early ripening - Diadema Podillia, Tenor, Satalia; mid-early ripening – Churayvna, Sakuza, Mentor; medium-ripe - Pallador, Prescott, Azimuth. The Churayvna soybean variety served as a control. The soil of the experimental site is a meadow-chernozem dusty-loamy soil. The area of the sowing area is 78 m2, the accounting area is 25 m2, repetition three times. The predecessor is corn. The method of sowing is35 cm wide rows. Soybean sowing rate is 550,000/ha of similar seeds.
It has been established that the formation of the height of soybean plants is influenced by varietal characteristics. Soybean plants reach their maximum height in the bean filling phase, while the tallest were the mid-ripening varieties Pallador –92,2 cm, Prescott –89,0 cm, and the mid-early - Sakuza –90,4 cm. The lowest height of soybean plants was recorded in early-ripening Tenor soybean varieties –77,1 cmand Diadema Podillya –73,6 cm. In the varieties Pallador, Prescot, Azimuth of the medium-ripening group, the height of the attachment of the lower bean was from 15 to16 cm. For these varieties, this is a positive indicator, which will reduce losses when harvesting with a combine harvester . Varieties Tenor, Satalia had a low bean attachment of 11–11,8 cm, both in favorable and unfavorable years of research. The height of plants of different varieties of soybeans in the phase of the 2nd trifoliate white leaf is almost the same. Differences in indicators are observed in the phase of the beginning of budding, the largest increase is during the flowering period - the filling of beans. Sakuza varieties stood out –86,6 cm, Pallador –96,1 cm, Prescott –81,4 cm.
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