DYNAMICS OF INDICES OF LINEAR TUBULAR BONES MEASUREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE SPECIES AND CROSS «BLAGOVARSKY» DUCKS SEX

Abstract

The current status of poultry breeding and prospects for its further development oblige scientists in fundamental subjects to pay particular attention to the need for comprehensive studies of the structure and development of all organs and systems of poultry species, rock, sex, age and seasonal features, depending on the conditions of their maintenance, food and use.

Scientists-morphologists have proved dependence of linear dimensions forms and structure of functional (locomotory) ability of skeletal limbs of mammals and birds. Age dynamics of poultry locomotion, that is skeleton limbs are not enough studied in the literature.

Purpose - to calculate separate osteometric parameters indices of the long bones of the extremities (humerus, ulna, femur, tibia) of domestic ducks, and compare the results of intersex and age differences as to the obtained average arithmetic indices. To set and analyze sexual dimorphism according to be received indices.

Materials and methods of research. Research materials served rib bones (humerus, ulna) and pelvic (femur, tibia) limbs of females and males of "Blahovarsky" cross ducks breeds at the age of 1, 10, 20 and 30 days of postnatal period of ontogenesis. Research methods were: anatomical dissection; osteometriya conducted by the general procedure TOPEX 31C615 caliper with an accuracy of 0,05 mm for reception of digital parameters of bones. On the basis of performed indices calculations (massiveness, cross-sectional diaphysis, proximal and distal epiphysis) linear measurements of long bones (expressed as a percentage), taken as the basis of scientific morphological literature in our modifications as to the long bones of ducks.

Results and discussion. During the study the ducks were weighed in different age periods. Daily live weight for females dominate males by 1,23 %, but in future the average male live body weight dominates females, respectively, in 10 days by 12,92 % in 20 days to 20,31 % in 30 days by 4,40 %.

Cross-section diaphysis indicator index of the humerus (Br2) in newborn ducklings is the highest in males (115,47±0,89), that is 14,88 % more than in females (100,51±0,85). This index is a reliable difference in the group “female-male” (P>0,999). Proximal humeral epiphysis index (Br3) in ducks aged 10 days is maximum in females (188,14±0,97), that is 3,49 % more than in males (181,79±0,93), this index has reliable sex difference in the group “female-male” (P>0,99). But the rate of this index at the age of 30 days is increased in males (183,93±0,97), that is 6,89 % more than in females (172,07±0,95), there are significant differences in the group index “female-male” (P>0,999). Distal humeral epiphysis index (Br4) in newborn ducklings and ducks at the age of 10 days is the maximum in females (162,22±0,76; 175,13±0,88), that respectively 6,37 and 5,04 % higher than in males (152,50±0,80; 166,72±0,87). This index has a significant difference in the group of “female-male” (P>0,999).

Proximal ulna epiphysis index (U3) of females, aged 10 and 30 days compared to males (116,18±0,97 and 112,89±0,95), has higher indices: 124,94±0,81 and 119,98 ±0,86, that is accordingly to more than 7,54 and 6,28 %. The index has a reliable difference (P>0,999 and P>0,99). This index at the age of 20 days is the highest in males (111,91±0,94), that is 4,27 % more compared to females (107,32±0,95). The analyzed index is a reliable difference in the group “female-male” (P>0,98). Distal ulna epiphysis index (U4) in newborn females (83,67±0,82) is higher than in males (80,35±0,77) by 4,13 %. Accurate index difference in the group “female-male” is P>0,95.

Proximal femur epiphysis index (F3) at the age of 20 days is higher in males (121,15±0,92), than in females (117,49±0,95) by 3,11 %. Accurate index difference in the group “female-male” is P>0,95. Distal femur epiphysis index (F4) at the age of 10 days is the highest in males (142,69±0,97), than in females (138,84±0,96) by 2,77 %. Accurate index difference in the group “female-male” is P>0,95.

Cross-section of the tibia diaphysis index (Tb2) in newborn ducklings and females aged 10 and 20 days compared with the males (107,11±0,95; 109,25±0,96; 116,30±0,98), has higher indices (111,29±0,99, 114,28±0,97 and 121,08±0,98) respectively by 3,90, 4,60 and 4,11 %. The analyzed index has significant difference in the group of “female-male” (respectively P>0,95, P>0,98, P>0,98).

Conclusions:

1. During the period from 10 to 30 days according to the  average live weight in males are larger than in females respectively by 12,92 %, 20,31 % and 4,40 %.

2. In males, the greatest indicators of indices compared with females in different age periods: cross-section diaphysis index of the humerus in newborns; proximal ulna and femur epiphysis index at the age of 20 days and humerus – 30 days; distal femur epiphysis index at the age of 10 days.

3. In females, compared to males, the highest rates of such indices: cross-section diaphysis index of the tibia in newborns and 10 and 20 days ducklings; proximal epiphysis index of the humerus at the age of 10 days, ulna – 10 and 30 days; distal epiphysis index of the humerus and ulna in newborns, humerus in 10 days ducklings.

4. Sexual dimorphism according to the criterion of live weight and is mostly evident in males, but the indices of linear measurements of long bones in females and males it slightly different.