ORGANIZATION OF WORK VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES

Abstract

Animal health requires the establishment of veterinary-diagnostic laboratories that can vary in size and a list of studies they performed. Place them in different hospitals, including the laboratory of urban veterinary hospitals, veterinary clinics, small, specialized institutes and research centers.

The quality of lab work controlled by GLP and other standards such as ISO / IEC 17025, ISO 15189 is based on education and training of staff, including the head and metrology calibration of instruments and equipment, the use of standard samples, calibrators, preparing of standard samples, quality control (QC) – (preanalytical, analytical and postanalitical stages), external QC; compliance with methodological excellence, evaluation of logistics, organizational issues and economic performance, efficient use of laboratory capacity, training employees, internal regulations and safety.

Providing laboratory with analytical equipment typically corresponds laboratory-specific institutions and the type of research carried out. It is necessary to effectively use the equipment to avoid unjustified increase in the workload. On the list of laboratory tests affects the specificity of institution (clinical supervision, in-depth clinical diagnosis or routine inspections). The choice of methodological procedure determine the individual substances to be optimal and meet the level of technical support lab.

Professional training and education of staff determines the list and high quality research. Organizational work of leader  determines the level of laboratory diagnostics. The quality of research is enhanced in the presence of laboratory standard samples, reference materials, reagents, kits, or ability to independently prepare reagents. The presence of clinical signs in the direction of samples in research is essential, in which laboratory speeds up the diagnostic process and eliminates re-sending to the laboratory for biological material.

Economic indicators of lab work should be optimal. The laboratory should be any inoperative devices, terms of equipment repair should be kept to a minimum. In the laboratory, there should be equipment that is superior in performance needs of customers. The choice of methods and studies of individual indicators should be justified. In small veterinary diagnostic laboratories no need to use complex and costly research methods. In terms of standardized laboratory research structure must meet the principle of consistency laboratory instructions.

Methodically complicated researches should not be held at the first stage: they carried out only on the instructions or recommendations. Diagnostic test mode better to perform in photometry using photocolorimeter instead spectrophotometer. In small laboratories permitted to use less modern methods. By saving issues include the fact that laboratory reagents are used. The laboratory may use foreign, domestic kits of reagents, or even prepare by itself. Justified application for inside laboratory QC of blood serum collected in the laboratory. These facts determine economic performance laboratory.

One of the conditions of a standardized laboratory work is to register all the procedures performed. Preparation of standard samples, the construction of the calibration curve should be written in standard procedures and communicated to the employees of the laboratory. Also it applies to data verification of photometric instruments. Description of methods must be in printed form. QC data is the property of the whole stuff. Mistakes of laboratory staff (technical, organizational) should be brought to attention to all staff to avoid their reiteration.

During evaluating of the quality of lab work pays great attention to metrological verification of devices. In the absence of certified tools for verification, many metrological verifications can not take place. However, optical instruments that form the basis of laboratory work, should be checked regularly and issue appropriate documentation. It also applies to the analytical scales, pH meters and others. State of the many devices can be evaluated only by the user. Experienced staff and using of available materials as control help to come out a difficult situation. Serious attention should be paid to storage of reagents. It should follow the terms of using reagents, work standard solutions, calibrators.

The correctness of the determination of any component of biological substances finishes with calibration. Most laboratories using standard samples (calibrators) for calibration of optical instruments. More properly to calibrate devices with standard serum samples of animal blood, the blood which explore. A certified calibrator concentration of each analyte using reference (the right) or definitive (agreed) methods. Using of calibrators allows to calibrate by one standard sample of instrument for determining a large number of substances. The same conditions that surround component (matrix) in the calibrator and samples that  are investigated, contribute to obtaining accurate results. Linearity of reaction can be set by using control materials with low and high content of material and using standard samples of the substance at different concentrations.

During evaluation of lab work the results of the internal-laboratory QC consider first. These data really show a lot of problems of laboratory work. Most laboratories focuses on analytical QC phase, paying insufficient attention to pre- and postanalitycal stages. There is no secret that the organization of QC on the preanalitycal stage is the most difficult, because in the collection of biological material involved not only the lab staff, but also the staff of veterinary hospitals. From this perspective, good organization of pre- and postanalitycal stage of QC is commendable.

Advanced training of laboratory staff is a factor in improving diagnosis. This allows the use of new laboratory equipment and new methods. The interpretation of the importance of diagnostic methods also changes. Highly qualified staff can get good results of external QC.

During evaluation of the laboratory work consider relationships with clinicians. If relationship is collegial, the laboratory will receive tasks with initial diagnosis, conducting research stages, beginning with screening tests. More sophisticated researches laboratory staff identify  by themselves. The efficiency of the laboratory in the diagnostic process approximately estimated by calculating the percentage of abnormal results from the total number of studies. This figure should be 8-15%. If it is below 5%, the capabilities of the laboratory used inefficiently and determination of many studies done without sufficient grounds.

Considered provisions developed by international organizations and allow you to make a full and objective evaluation of the laboratory staff. However, the foregoing does not exclude additional aspects of evaluation of veterinary-diagnostic laboratory.