SPLENOMANOMETRIYA IN DOGS AS A DIAGNOSTIC METHOD OF INSTALLATION OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION

Abstract

In recent years, more often diagnosed with liver disease in dogs, which make up a significant proportion of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Mortality in this group of sick animals is high. Usually these diseases are accompanied by the development of portal hypertension, which causes the occurrence of ascites, is the accumulation of abdominal fluid. This disease is quite common in dogs and difficult to treat.

By the portal circulatory system belongs to the network of blood vessels between the liver and the digestive system. Central venous collector of this system is the portal  vein of the liver. The portal vein is located between two capillary tideway. One is in the walls and the odd parenchyma of the abdomen and from the beginning Strait portal vein, another - lies in the parenchyma of the liver and is the final branching of the portal vein, from start hepatic vein. Portal  vein formed by merging numerous veins that go from the stomach, spleen, intestines and pancreas and carries blood to the liver.

When portal hypertension understand the increasing hydrostatic pressure in the portal vein of more than 120-200 mm. water. аrt. . This is caused by different etiology circulatory disorders in the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.

The spleen is like peripheral lymphoid organ of blood formation in dogs sensitive to any abnormal health. Between the spleen and liver is a close functional relationship. Spleen reduces the resistance of red blood cells, preparing them for the destruction of the liver. In the liver is the accumulation and assimilation of nutrients and removes toxins and wastes. The spleen is to filter blood flowing to it from the arteries and liver - for blood coming from her splenic vein.

Prevent the development of ascites is extremely important early diagnosis of portal hypertension. Therefore, an important challenge is to find accessible to a wide range of doctors methods of its diagnostics. In humane medicine, in this respect, the most proven method allows you to detect signs of portal hypertension is splenomegaly . It is proved that the internal pressure in the spleen in humans and animals meets portal and is normally 100-150 mm of water.  аrt.  Splenomegaly method consists in measuring the level of pressure in the portal vein by puncturing the spleen with a needle, which is connected with a water manometer. Splenomegaly has minimal trauma and enables the examination even in patients with  liver failure and ascites .

The purpose and objectives of the research consists in experimental testing of the method for measuring portal pressure by splenomegaly in dogs.

The materials and methods. The research was performed in the clinic of veterinary medicine "Four paws" in Kiev.

To conduct splenomegaly used the gauge Waldman, filled with physiological saline. The end of the tube connected with the needle type Maninginy size 19G (1 mm diameter) that were filled with 4% solution of sodium citrate.

Splenorenal method was tested in 10 dogs of different breeds, age and body weight. Experimental animals were divided into two groups, the first group comprised 5 clinically healthy animals , the second group of 5 dogs who had a preliminary diagnosis of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Splenomegaly was performed in the operating room using for sedation solution Xsilaziny  at a dose of 1 ml to 20 kg body weight and local anaesthesia at the puncture site with 0.5% solution of novocaine. Dogs fixed on the right side, a pressure gauge was placed so that the zero mark is saline in the manometer was at the level of the right atrium, i.e. the horizontal line drawn at the level of mid-sternum. Conducted palpation of the spleen, which was determined from the costal arch in the form of a flat elongated body with smooth rounded edges. The puncture is made on a white line 3-4 cm caudale navel. The needle was introduced perpendicular to the skin at 2-4 cm depth, depending on the thickness of the abdominal wall of the dog. Then watched the pressure in the spleen.

The research results and their discussion. After the diagnostic splenomegaly in the first group - it was revealed that four dogs manometer indicators were in the normal range – 80-145 mm of water. art., were found to have no portal hypertension. One dog indicator gauge was 210 mm of water.  art., which indicates a moderate portal hypertension. Five dogs from the second group - indicators of water manometer were significantly higher – between 350 and 505 mm of water. art. that indicates the presence of significant portal hypertension.

After splenomegaly did not observe any complications.

The results of our studies testify that splenomegaly is an effective method for the diagnosis of portal hypertension. But you must take into account the fact that animals before splenomegaly require the use of sedative drugs that affect blood pressure. In addition, the level of the latter depends on many factors, including physiological. It is also worth noting that it's difficult, especially in small animals, place the zero mark of the manometer is clearly at the level of the right atrium. Because the sedatives are characterized by the action on the cardiovascular system, which in turn causes an increase in blood pressure, and placing the zero mark of the manometer is clearly at the level of the right atrium is quite difficult , so early diagnosis of portal hypertension requires further study.

Thus, we can conclude that splenomegaly – low traumatic method, which allows to obtain data about the pressure in the portal system of blood circulation in dogs. It can be useful for the diagnosis of portal hypertension in case of liver diseases and the threat thereof, ascites.