EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS ON CROP YIELDS IN SHORT-TERM ROTATION ON SOD-PODZOLIC DRAINED SOILS POLESIE LEFT BANK

Abstract

As a result of years of research scientists found that the level of mineral nutrition of crops, along with its predecessors, the varietal characteristics of culture and climate are factors governing the formation yields with high quality indicators. In addition, numerous studies have found a high efficiency of organic fertilizers and alternative systems of fertilizer on marginal sod-podzolic soils of Polesie.

However, these studies were usually conducted with a long period of rotation, which provided near-optimal placement of crops in the rotation, and the required frequency of their return to their former place of cultivation. In common today rotations with short rotation at the maximum saturation of grain and / or industrial crops influence of fertilization systems on the yield was studied in currently underserved.

Therefore, the aim of research was to investigate the effect of different systems of fertilizers (organic, mineral and organo-mineral) on crop yields in the two rotations with short rotation.

Research carried out during the 2012-2014 biennium. on the basis of experience steady Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and agricultural production HAAH in two rotations with short rotation. Accommodation in crop rotations include crop rotation: 1 - clover, 2 - winter wheat, 3 - potatoes, 4 - spring wheat. Grain crop rotation: 1 - lupine grain, 2 - winter rye, 3 - maize, 4 - oats.

On the background of the control system was investigated 3 fertilizer with these options:

1 - Organic: manure 10 t / ha; manure 20 t / ha; blue lupine green manure 5 t / ha; manure 10 t / ha + winter rye green manure;

2 - Mineral (N60P64K71)

3 –Organo-mineral: blue lupine green manure + N60P64K71; manure 10 t / ha + N60P64K71.

The test site, located within the drained "Groin" system, which is subject to Kozeletskainterdistrict water management Chernihiv region. Soil - sod-podzolic sandy loam dewatered such source agrochemical indicators in the layer 0 - 20 cm: humus content - 1.1%, hydrolyzable compounds of nitrogen - 97 mg / kg of soil, mobile phosphorus - 135 mobile potassium compounds - 80 mg / kg of soil, pHKCl - 4.9.

Research has shown that the yield of crops in both rotations by years of research is very much different.

Studies have shown that the greatest impact on increasing crop yields crop rotation crop rotation, basically, had fertilizer system with manure. In particular, it is better to make all kinds of fertilizers, especially organic and organic-reacted potatoes. The highest yield of potatoes during the years of research has been on the background of the manure and 10 + N60P64K71 was 24.5 t / ha, that is, growth compared to the control was 236%. Growth of spring barley crop on the same variant was 209%.

Clover on fertilizer reacted poorly, productivity growth was low - from 9 to 30%. The highest increase in the harvest of green mass of the culture celebrated with manure in a rate of 20 t / ha (7.5 t / ha or 30%). Mineral fertilizer on the yield of clover virtually no effect, that is, compared to the control of green mass yield decreased by 0.3 t / ha. Obviously, this action fertilizers. This is most likely acidic soil solution, which inhibits the development of root nodule bacteria.

Winter wheat is better to respond to the introduction of green manure (aftereffect) + N60P64K71 and manure 10 t / ha + N60P64K71, yield gains in these cases was 100 and 91%, that is, the yield increased by almost 2-fold. Significant growth of the crop was of manure (10 and 20 t / ha), manure + 10 winter rye green manure, as well as the application of mineral fertilizers. Increase in productivity is up from 1.6 to 1.8 t / ha (70 to 78%). The smallest increase was the aftereffect of green manure.

In general it can be noted that the smallest increment of the studied crop yields from the aftereffects green manure ranged from 9 to 123%. Best productivity gains from green manure ensured potatoes - 123%.

Analysis of the results in terms of yield 4 crops in cereal crop rotation shows that the greatest increase in productivity of lupine grain was with manure 10 + N60P64K71, namely from 1.3 to control up to 1.8 tons, or 0.5 tons / ha, ie by 38%. Several smaller increase (31%) was behind the introduction of 10 and 20 t / ha of manure.

The greatest productivity growth among crops were winter rye and oats, also in the rotation at different rates of fertilizer they gave a better growth than maize. Best when they were growing option: blue lupine green manure and manure + N60P64K71 10+ N60P64K71. Corn for grain responded well to the introduction of the blue lupine green manure and manure + N60P64K71 10 + N60P64K71 - the yield of this crop was respectively 8.1 and 8.0 t / ha, and gain increased by 88 and 86%. Not a bad increase was maize and by making 20 t / ha of manure (81%). Adding only mineral fertilizers (N60P64K71) increased the yield of grain crops rotation, on average, from 63 to 75%, except lupine.

How to crop rotation and crop rotation, low productivity growth in the cereal crop rotation gave the option for aftereffect green manure - 15% for the cultivation of lupine, 28 - maize, 33 - oats and 40% for the cultivation of winter rye.

So, in two rotations with short rotation effective in the growth of productivity was by organic fertilizer, as in manure and mineral fertilizers, as well as for the after-effect of green manure with mineral fertilizers. In particular, the crop rotation crop rotation crop yield increase for the introduction of green manure blue lupine + N60P64K71 ranged from 100 to 222% and the grain crop rotation - from 88 to 127%, and with manure 10 + N60P64K71 these figures were, respectively, from 91 to 236 and from 86 to 133%. The exception is the clover and lupine, as when making these fertilizers, they make a small increase in productivity, and better respond to the introduction of single and double standards of manure.