EFFECTIVENESS OF JOINT BIO-FERTILIZERS AND PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS USE IN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT

Abstract

Introduction. A balanced plant nutrition is characterised by a large number of biotic and abiotic factors, so they are harmonious combination can provide the necessary nutrients for the plants, and formation of stable, healthy plants. Introduction of a large number of new complexes of fertilizers, composed of various macro- and microelements, biologically active substances, etc., in the market, makes it possible to control the plants nutrition during the ontogenesis. However, the application of these fertilizers needs to be adapted to the specific growing conditions, culture, technological equipment at a farm. This determines the rationale of our research. Rising yields of soft winter wheat due to the combined use of bio-fertilizers and plant protection products is a key issue that prompted us to conduct special field studies to establish the rates and terms of adding those chemicals while cultivating soft winter wheat.

The aim of research was to set the efficiency of combined use of bio-fertilizers and plant protection products, that can be shown by yield productivity economic efficiency of winter wheat growing technologies in the area of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Ukraine.

Materials and methods of research. The research had been conducted through field experiments at the Department of seed and agricultural technologies of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS of Ukraine for 2012-2014 years. Field experiments had been conducted in the southeastern part of the Kyiv region between Ros and Rosava rivers in Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soils there are black soils of weak, moderate and strong leaching. Humus layer is anout 38-40 cm. Carbonate layer lies at a depth of 45-65 cm. Parents material is the Pales Calcareous loess of loamy texture. Groundwater lie at a depth of 50-60 m and do not influence the pedogenesis. The humus content is 3,6-4,5%, hydrolyzed nitrogen - 5,5-6,4 mg, mobile phosphorus - 19,0-27,1 mg and exchange potassium - 11,2-18,0 mg per 100 g of soil, pH of a salt - 5,3-6,4, the amount of absorbed bases - 23,1-28,6 mg eq. 100 g of soil, the degree of saturation of bases - 86,2-94,4%. Such soils have high and medium content of elements of mineral nutrition, and are characterised by weak acidic (close to neutral) reaction of soil solution; therefore it affects well on the performance of winter wheat.

A characteristic feature of the climate both in Myronivka district of the Kyiv region is its moderate continental properties, that result in a relatively gradual change from winter to spring and then summer, and moderate rainfall.

Field experiments had been conducted according to the procedure of state standards on experimental areas of 10m² in a six-fold repetition. Farming equipment used in the experiments is common for those conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Sowing of winter wheat Kolos Myronivschyny, Myronivska Storichna, Natalka and Jubiljar Mironovskiy varieties was performed by a CH-10TS drill in a seeding rate of 5 million similar seeds / ha. Combined cultivation of crops (in the IV, VIII and X s.o.) using Biocomplex BTU in the rate of 0.25 l / ha and 0.50 l / ha with a fungicide Falcon (a.s. Tebukonazol, 167 g / l + triadymenol, 43 g / l + spyroksamyn, 250 g / l) - 0.5 l / ha and the insecticide Karate Zeon (50g ai / l of Lambda-Cyhalothin a.s.) - 0.2 l / ha was applied under the experimental schemes by the “Quasar V-2” hand sprayer. The working fluid expends is in amount of 200 l / ha, at temperature lower than 18 °C. Counting of yield indicators was performed by continuous thrashing from areas by a "Sampo-130" combine-harvester, followed by evaluating those numbers to a standard (14%) grain moisture.

Results. The use of tank mixtures of fungicide Falcon 460 EC, 0.5 l / ha, insecticide Karate Zeon CS, 0.2 l / ha, fertilizer Biocomplex BTU in the rate of 0.25 l / ha and 0.50 l / ha, contributed increasing yield of those varieties under study by 0,83-1,00 t / ha in comparison with the control. On average, the highest increase in yield in the amount of 6,63-6,61 t / ha was observed while using the tank mixtures in both rates at the VIII stage of organogenesis (which is by 1,00-0,98 t / ha higher than the control). The highest yield was performed by Kolos Myronivschyny variety - 9,37 t / ha by adding those above mentioned bio-fertilizers and plant protect products at the VIII stage of organogenesis.

The results of our calculations of the economic efficiency of cultivation technology of winter wheat by applying both bio-fertilizers and plant protection products showed a high efficiency of joint use of those chemicals; profit exceeded the control at 945 - 1501 UAH / ha. The largest profit was obtained by the joint useof fertilizer Biocomplex BTU in the rate of 0.25 l / ha with plant protection productsin the VIII stage of organogenesis - 9553 UAH / ha, and in the control - 8052 UAH / ha. The income wa between 9097 and 9453 UAH / ha while using the joint application of bio-fertilizer Biocomplex BTU with the plant protection products.

Thus, we can say, that the use of bio-fertilizers at the stages of organogenesis, in terms of productivity and net product at the VIII stage of organogenesis in a central part of the Steppes of Ukraine was more effective (using the scheme of joint application of bio-fertilizer Biocomplex BTU in the rate of 0.25 l / ha with the plant protection products at the VIII stage of organogenesis). It was received the highest profit (9553 UAH / ha) and productivity indicators (67%), compared to all researched conducted.

Using these fertilizers while cultivating soft winter wheat, the increase in profit will raise in 2 - 3 times compared to the control.

Conclusions. It had been proved the high efficiency of the joint use of bio-fertilizers with plant protection products in cultivation technology of soft winter wheat during the spring and summer growing seasons, which causes an increase in productivity and economic efficiency in general and the net profit particularly.