PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF COWS THAT WERE FED WITH SUPPLEMENTS CONTAIN IODINE AQUAHYDRATE AND CHROMIUM, SELENIUM, COBALT, ZINC CITRATES

Abstract

The aim of research was to study the effect of the adding solutions of microelements in a nanoaquachelate form to the ration on physiological and biochemical processes in the blood of cows during the first lactation period.

Studies were conducted in SE "Research farm Pasichna" using 15 full-grown cows Ukrainian black and white dairy breed with similar productivity (6,5-6,8 thousand kg of milk per lactation), age (3-4 lactation), body weight ( 590-650 kg) and lactation period (1st month after calving). In the preparatory period (15 days), cows were divided into 3 groups. Animals of the 1st – control, 2nd and 3rd – research groups in preparatory period received a basic diet, balanced nutritionally. In the experimental period (75 days), cows of the 2nd research group except basic diet were receiving mineral supplement that contain Iodine hydrate and Chromium, Selenium, Cobalt and Zinc citrates (0,06 mg I, 30 mcg Cr, 25 mcg Se, 100 mcg Co and 10 mg Zn per kg dietary dry matter), while animals of the third research group – basic diet with the addition of Iodine hydrate, Chromium and Selenium citrate (0.06 mg I, 30 mcg Cr and 25 mcg Se per kg dietary dry matter). Cows of the research groups every day for two months of lactation with a daily portion of feed were receiving additionally Iodine hydrate and microelements citrates, obtained by the method M. Kosinova and V. Kaplunenko using nanotechnology. The study continued for 90 days.

For biochemical studies venous blood samples were taken at preparatory (7-10 days prior to entry to the diet supplements) and research (30 and 60 days of feeding supplements) periods.

Feeding the cows during the first month of lactation with adding mineral supplements that contained Iodine, Chromium, Selenium, Cobalt, Zinc resulted to an increase Copper content in the blood of animals 2nd research group by 28,5% (p <0,05) with simultaneous non-significant an increase Cobalt and Manganese, and a decrease – Cadmium and Zinc. On the second month of feeding supplements was noted higher levels of Cobalt by 36,8% (p<0,05), Copper – by 36,5% (p <0,05) and lower levels of Cadmium by 23,5% (p<0,05) in the blood of animals this group.

Using during the research period as mineral supplements I, Cr and Se contributed to increase in the blood of cows third research group content of copper in the 1st and 2nd months respectively by 21,5 and 24,0% (p <0,05). Changes in the content of other investigated microelements both the first and second months of feeding supplements were similar to this data in the blood of animals second research group.

The obtained results point to a significantly pronounced synergistic effect of the Iodine hydrate on the Cu content in the blood of cows second and third experimental groups throughout the period of study, that can be caused by increased assimilation of Cu in the digestive tract from the feeds.

Enhance the synergistic effect of I on the Cu content can also adding to the diet Cr and Se citrates. While antagonistic action Co and Zn expressed as non-significant tendency to lower blood Zn content in cows second group of both the 1st and the 2nd month feeding mineral supplements. Some stimulating effect of Iodine hydrate and Cr, Se citrates was noted also on the Mn content that was higher in the blood of cows of both research groups during research period. On the synergy between Co, I and Cu indicate also the results of research other authors, but the relationship Mn and Se still need experimental confirmation.

According to the research found that the mineral supplement of microelements had no significant effect on studied blood biochemical parameters of cows II and III research groups. Intergroup differences of the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, total protein, circulating immune complexes and molecules average weight, as well as the activity of ALT and AST in the blood of cows experimental and control groups were not significant and were within the statistical deviations of their averages.

The study of glycoproteins and their hydrocarbon levels components in the blood of cows control and experimental groups evidenced on the corrective action of used mineral supplements on immunological reactivity of their organism. This is evidenced higher, but within the physiological level fluctuations, level of glycoproteins and some monosaccharides of their carbohydrate components in the blood of animals of experimental groups compared to the control. However, by adding to the diet of animals second and third groups composition Iodine aquahydrate with citrates of trace elements, was found more pronounced physiological effect of the combination Chromium and Selenium, which was used in the third group. The biological effect was accompanied by a significant increase of the concentration of ceruloplasmin, sialic acids (in both groups) and hexoses bound to proteins in the blood of cows of the third group and non-significantly – in the second group, already a month after started the research period. Higher levels of these glycoproteins in the blood cows of both groups compare to the control remained also during 2nd months of feeding and until the end of the experiment.

While in the blood of animals 2nd group that except Iodine aquahydrate and Chromium, Selenium citrates also received Cobalt and Zinc citrates, increase the concentration of ceruloplasmin and hexoses bound to proteins remained in tendencies rate in the first month of the research period, and significant growth of ceruloplasmin levels was noted only on 60 day of feeding supplements. The sialic acids content significantly increased in the blood of animals 2nd group in the first and second months of research. Such minor differences influence of two combinations of microelements on the level of glycoproteins in the blood of cows second and third groups may indicate synergistic relationships of individual applied microelements, and about different physiological effects, depending on the duration of their application for the manifestation of the desired effect.

Conclusions. The using in feeding cows during the first month of lactation mineral supplements that contain Iodine, Chromium, Selenium, Cobalt and Zinc (0,06 mg, 30 mcg Cr, 25 mcg Se, Co 100 mcg and 10 mg Zn per kg dietary dry matter) resulted in significant increase of Copper content, in the second month of feeding supplements – significant increase in animal blood Cobalt, Copper and decrease Cadmium. Inclusion in the diet of cows mineral supplements with Iodine aquahydrate, and chromium and selenium citrates (0,06 mg, 30 mcg Cr, 25 mcg Se per kg dietary dry matter) for two months contributed to activation metabolism of glycoprotein and their monosaccharides with significant increase in animal blood concentration of ceruloplasmin, sialic acids and hexoses bound to proteins.