PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE SUGAR BEET GROWING DEPENDING ON TOP DRESSING FERTILIZERS

Abstract

Fertilizers - an important and effective factor in the intensification of production technology of sugar beet. To provide just the nature of their actions fertilizer application should be exclusively a system that is balanced in nutrients, dose, timing of taking into account the biological needs of plants of sugar beet on specific soil and climatic conditions in areas of beet sowing.

The system of fertilization - is not only a source of replenishment of soil macro- and micronutrients mineral nutrition, but also a factor of positive influence on a number of other indicators of soil fertility. It combined application of organic and mineral macro- and micronutrients, liming soils with high acidity or salt licks gypsum and saline soils is dealt with on the required qualitative and quantitative composition fertilizing system that will improve and add to the natural fertility of the soil, to fully meet the demand of sugar beet supply for all elements of the planned harvest.

Assessment of any agricultural production is the criterion of economic efficiency. As shown efficiency impact of complex interrelated factors that shape and determine its level of growth rates. To assess the economic efficiency of agricultural production using appropriate criteria and a system of interrelated indicators that characterize the requirements of economic laws and the impact of various factors.

The purpose of research. Determine the effect of chelated forms of fertilizer and the timing of their introduction by foliar feeding on productivity and economic efficiency of growing sugar beets.

Materials and methods of research. Studies conducted over the years 2013-2015 in the fields of experimental farm "Salyvinky" Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet, which is located in Kyiv region.

Soil research field - typical black soil, salty, deep humus.The humus content (Tyurin method) - 2.58%, nitrogen (Kornfild) - 176 mg/kg soil, mobile phosphorus and potassium (Chirikov) - respectively 160 and 95 mg/kg soil pH - 6 75.

Scheme field experiments included the following factors: Factor A. Foliar application: control without fertilizing; Sodium polysulfide (K₂O, Na₂O, S - 2 l/ha); Mono Bor (N, B - 2 l/ha); Bor + Mono Sodium polysulfide - (2 + 2 l/ha). Factor B. Terms of foliar feeding, closing in lines - control; closing between rows; closing at + closing lines between rows. In test plots seeded hybrid Reunion. Area elementary and accounting areas sown under 90 and 61,1m², repetition - three times. Research conducted on "Methodology of Research in beet" [5].

Results and discussion. The potential performance of new hybrids of sugar beet is not less than 80-90 t/ha, and collection of sugar - 14-16 t/ha. The final evaluation of the performance of hybrids of sugar beet yields are roots, their sugar content and the collection of sugar per hectare. On the basis of the research can be argued that the greatest yield of roots obtained by making combinations of micronutrients Bor + Mono Poly-sulfide Na - 73,2-74,9 t/ha, at the same time as the control without fertilization average yield was 68.1 -68.3 t/ha.

Conclusions. Based on the studies received the highest yield of roots by making combinations of micronutrients Bor + Mono Poly-sulfide Na - 73,2-74,9 t/ha.

It has been found that the use of Mono Bor during the closure of sugar beets in rows and between rows can get the lowest cost of one ton of roots in the experiment, which is similar to Mono option Boron + Poly-sulfide Na + in rows between rows - 330 uah.

Found that the most cost-effective use of drugs was Mono and Mono Bor,Bor + Poly-sulfide Na, which yielded a net profit of one ton of roots 160-164,7uah.