THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET DEPENDING ON OF THE USE OF INSECTICIDAL PROTECTANTS AGAINST PESTS OF SHOOTS

Abstract

The productivity of sugar beet depends on many factors: soil and climate conditions, the introduction of highly pructive hybrids, high-quality seed pre-preparation in seed plants, the use of modern techniques and technologies, fertilizers, the reliable protection of plants from pests and diseases, highly techologich processing of beets on sugar plants, etc. All these factors together and individually can significantly affect the productivity of sugar beets. The lack of reliable protection of plants during the vegetational period or ineffective protection of shoots from herbivores can partially or completely destroy crops of beets. Therefore, the effective protection of crops of this culture from them is the significant reserve to increase its productivity.

The safest and rational way to protect sugar beets shoots (small rates of drugs and small costs on them) is the use for sowing seeds’ drops treated by protective drugs. Many chemicals were registered in Ukraine approved for processing of sugar beets’ seeds from pests and diseases, but the most common are insecticides of the Bayer’s company - Gaucho and Poncho Beta.

Along with the study of effective protection of sugar beets’ shoots from pests is important the determination of the effect of chemicals for seed treatment on their laboratory and field germination, growth and development of plants during and the final product – the yield and quality of roots.

The research were was conducted in the area of unstable humidity in Verchnyachka’s Experimental Breeding Station, the Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet during 2012-2015. Colculations and doservations were carried out by generally accepted methodologies.

The soil of research field – is an ashed black soil.

The impact of sugar beets’ seed treatments on initial plants’ growth and development of sugar beets’ during the phase of I-II leaves’ couples in the field conditions were determined by generally accepted methodologies. The economic efficiency was set by yield and sugar content of roots and sugar output per unit area. The results were treated by the method of dispersive analysis ofter B.O.Dospyehov.

The conditions of heat and humidity are important amond the elements of climate in this region. Precipitations are the main source of increasing soil moisture reserves. Summarizing the weather conditions prevailing during the research, we can mention that the deviations of the number of key parameters (temperature, humber of precipitations, relative humidity) of the average long-term is not approaching to the critical parameters that is general by contributed to obtain high yields of sugar beets with high sugar content.

Established that sugar beets’ seed treatment by insecticide Gaucho 600 FS, TH and Poncho Beta, FS 453,3 t.c.s. in accordance with the normal flow of 80 and 60 ml /su do not reduce its energy and laboratory germination. Those figures were amounted to 100% in all versions. But the impact of insecticides and the method of seed preparation for the process growth and development of plants can only be assessed objectively in the field conditions.

According to the research it was found that in the phase of the first couple of leaves the depth of shoots was ranged from 4.1 / lm in the reference version to 5.1 for seed treatment by Poncho Beta of drug consumption rate of 60 ml / su and weighing 100 plants respectively 13.97 and 14.72 gram. In phase of II couple of leafes the accurate increase of shoots’ dept were in the same version 7.0 / lm, it was at therate of control other variant.

The important criterion for the state of shoots is a parameter that determines the number of the plants from a given amount of sowed seed, this is its field germination. During the years of research (2012-2015) the field growing of sowing insecticide-treated seeds was significantly higher than the control (73%) and was amounted to 88-89%.

It was established that any deviation from the optimum depth that makes around 100 thousand pieces of plants on one hectare, for unstable wetting zone reduces the yield of roots.

Generally, the plant depth for the period of harvest of sugar beet roots was 73.5 things per one hectare, in the control version without the use of insecticides for seed treatment it was 84.3 ths / ha due the Gaucho 600 FS, TH. Such protection was achieved in the experiments with the use of Poncho Beta FS 453,3 t.c.s. normal flow of 60 ml / su, where the plant depth was close to optimum and amounted to 98.4 ths./ ha or 1.3 times higher than the control.

In an average during the research years the increase of the productivity of sugar beets in the application increase roots of insecticide seed treatment for pre Gaucho 600 FS, TH and Poncho Beta FS 453,3 t.c.s. amounted to 11.3 tonnes per hectare, it was significantly lower compared with the control variant.

The integral index of economic efficiency of sugar beets’ growing is to gather sugar per unit area. Thus, during the research (2012–2015) the gathering of sugar on the control variant was 9.05 t / ha. The treatment of sugar beets’ seeds by insecticides Gaucho 600 FS, TN and Poncho Beta FS 453,3 t.c.s. from a complex of shoots pests helped to increase the gathering of sugar by 2.75 t / ha compared to the control.

Conseguently, the drawing of insecticide Gaucho 600 FS, TH or Poncho Beta FS 453,3 t.c.s. on seed saves a significant amount of plants from phytophagous during the harvest, and improves the root crops yields of with high productivity compared to their control. But the mentioned insecticides not only provide the reliable protection of shoots culture from pests and improve the initial growth and development of plant which also has a positive effect on productivity.