ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIONS OF THE SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PILING OF HUMECTANTS FOR INTERFLOW IRRIGATION OF THE FRUIT PLANTING

Abstract

The constructions of the systems and methods of piling of humectants for interflow irrigation of the long-term fruit planting are analyzed in this article. A conclusion is done about the necessity of development of the most perspective method of piling of pipelines jointly with an anti-filtration screen.

Modern methods and watering technique must provide creation of optimal terms for growing of fruit cultures; to assist maintenance of structure of soil; to realization of watering with the minimum expense of irrigatory water on unit of area; to the receipt of high harvests with the good value of garden-stuffs; to prevent to the origin of water erosion; to mechanize and automatize a watering process; to regulate in a certain range water, nourishing and air modes of soil and plants; to promote the degree of reliability and output-input of the irrigatory systems ratio; to diminish power expenses (M. N. Bagrov [1], E. P. Borovoj [3], E. A. Vetrenko [4], E. V. Akutneva [5] and others).

The aim of work is realization of analysis of existent constructions of the systems for interflow irrigation for the further researches sent to reduction of cost of these systems and increase of their economic efficiency by perfection of existent constructions of the systems of interflow irrigation and methods of calculation of the mode of watering and constructions of machines for the gasket of the irrigatory systems.

Results and discussion. Basic structural element, that determines the systems of subsoil (interflow) irrigation, are humectants, construction and material of that can influence on character and distribution of water and moistening of soil.

On the method of device of interflow humectants distinguish interflow irrigation on pipes from different materials and on the cylindrical cavities squeezed out in soil.

Piling of pipes in soils can come true by trench, narrow trench and trenchless methods.

Such scientists, as: S. V. Kravets, O. L. Romanovskiy, N. D. Kaslin, V. N. Suponev [15,7,8,9] confirmed expediency of laying of underground communications by trenchless method. This method cuts prime cost building on 12 % [10].

The analysis of patent, scientific and technical literature showed that a row of the technical decisions, sent to implementation of operations on piling of pipelines by trenchless method that is based on principle of the vertical deepening of flexible pipelines, is [12].

For reduction of penetration of water in the deep layers of soil (especially on soils with high filtration) and the best distribution it in horizontal direction on the pipelines of interflow irrigation arrange the different anti-filtration screens, executed from polyethylene tape, glass-wool etc. [5].

The working organs of trenchless packers of pipes have a simple construction, high reliability and comparatively not high cost, which increase possibilities of application of trenchless method substantially [17].

Conclusions. The result of the analysis shows, that all considered methods of piling of pipes do not allow to attain optimal terms for maintenance and distribution of moisture at interflow irrigation of agricultural plants. Most acceptable to it is a trenchless method of piling. However the considered method does not allow to lay the anti-filtration screen with a humectant. In this connection, researches it is necessary to point at development of method and technical decision of the trenchless piling of humectants with anti-filtration screen.