DYNAMIC OF ORGANIZATION DIFFERENT TYPES OF LAND IN ODESSA REGION

Abstract

Lands operation in Ukraine is associated with high level of agricultural development, in particular their plowing, which nearly doesn't have any analog in the world. Implementation of land reform leads to renovation in agricultural sector of private rental relation. In terms of agricultural landscape organization the ecological sustainability to productivity of territory are reduce. One of the main conditions for the existence of stable agricultural landscapes is the optimal balance between agricultural land, forest plantations, meadows and other types of land.

Ecological and economic balance of the territory - a balanced ratio of different lands types, which provides landscapes stability [1]. Methodological basis of evaluation of agroecological state land is a systematic approach to the selection criteria and the required set of indicators [2].

As it has been specified earlier, the territory of Ukraine is characterized by the high level of agricultural development. However lack of scientific justification of a land reform has led to emergence of new problems in use of lands. The problem of desertification and degradation of lands has become aggravated, and negative processes of exhaustion of soil strengthen an erosion, the negative balance of biogenous elements and carbon is formed. [3].

Tretyak A.M., Sohnych A.J., Danylyshyn B.M., Doroguntsov S.I., Sobko A.A., Medvedev V.V. etc. [4, 5, 6] are involved in the question of researching the problem of environmental area sustainability and efficient use of land resources. In the works of these scientists are suggested criteria and metrics economic, environmental and social efficiency of land operation, landscapes, soils and more efficient ways of using them. Rakoyid O.O., Saharchuk R.P., Dziuba L.P., Melnuk G.G., Makarenko N.A. and others have estimated an agroecological lands condition of the Kiev area [7-8]. Now time the areas research for this indicator is ongoing.

In according of recommendations of State Enterprise "Central Scientific - Research and Design Institute of Land Management" [9] the ecological condition of territories could be measured by the coefficient of ecological stability and anthropogenic stress.

The description of lands environmental condition is made according to gradation ratios of environmental sustainability and human load, which given in the Table. 1.

To determine the environmental sustainability and human load have to consider the total area of all land areas, land area of a certain type designation, properties and environmental factor score anthropogenic load.

In the author's previous works [10] performed detailed calculations of the types of land for ecological stability coefficients, including coefficients established and improved environmental properties territories and anthropogenic pressure coefficients in southern Odessa region. The research gives a possibility to establish that the environmental sustainability factors of Kilia area are best in both cases -  0,45 and 0,59. It’s indicates a poorly stable and high stability of the territory. Kilia area subjected by average level of anthropogenic load, as the coefficient equal 2,77. 

Considering the established coefficient of ecological properties in calculations, the coefficient of ecological stability is the smallest in Tarutinsky district and makes 0,19, it’s indicates about territory ecological instability. Ovidiopol district agroecological conditions - the worst. The factors of ecological stability are 0,22 and 0,34, while the coefficient of anthropogenic load was 3,86. This area is characterized as environmentally fragile and subject to the high level of anthropogenous loading. Detailed research has allowed to establish that, considering small territories it is possible to estimate better an ecological condition of the territory on coefficients. The importance for improvement of an ecological condition of the territory is occupied by natural grounds, reserves, wildlife areas.

The total area of Odessa region is 3331,3 hectares. The largest areas are in agricultural land and it’s more than 2500 hectares in 2008-2014. The area of grasslands and pastures are varies from 402,5 thousand hectares in 2014 to 405,4 thousand hectares in 2008, i.e. in comparison with 2008 the data land area decreased by 3 thousand ha. Regarding built up lands the tendency to growth of the areas is observed every year.

Fields and opened fallow lands without vegetation occupy the smallest area of the Odessa area. The areas of opened lands varied from 33,1 (2012) to 33,6 hectares (2008-2009) and the fields - from 27,4 (2012-2014.) to 29,4 (2008- 2010). In six years of researches of considerable fluctuation of the areas of different type of grounds it isn't revealed.

The ecological condition of the territory of Odessa region is determined by coefficients of ecological stability and anthropogenous loading (Table 2). The area is characterized as environmentally unstable, that means elevated levels of human activity. No one improvements in the situation is observed.

The mark of anthropogenic load in 2013-2014 was decrease slightly but remains elevated level of load. However, these coefficients of ecological stability calculations the in the years 2012-2014 indicates a deterioration of the ecological status of the territory.

Researches concerning dynamics of the organization of different types of grounds in the territory of Odessa region are conducted that allows to define ecological instability of area and the increased level of anthropogenous loading. For improvement of a condition of the territory it is necessary to reduce the areas of agricultural grounds and to change their organization. Specification allows to reveal in more detail territories behind various conditions, however because of missing data it is impossible to conduct a detailed research