THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MELIORANTS OF LOCAL ORIGIN IN PEATY SOILS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DECREASE OF THE 137Cs UPTAKE BY PLANTS STUDIED IN THE GROWTH EXPERIMENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.01.003Keywords:
specific activity, 137Cs, accumulation factor, biological availability, countermeasures, ameliorants, radiological efficiencyAbstract
In the remote period after the Chernobyl accident, the main source of 137Cs in agricultural products is plant root uptake. The accumulation of radionuclides in agricultural plants depends on the type of soil and its agrochemical characteristics. Anyway, the maximum transfer factors were registered for peat and sod-podzolic sandy and loamy soils that are common in the radioactively contaminated areas of Ukraine.
It was found in previous studies that different types of fertilizers have different effects on the accumulation of radioactive cesium in plants in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident. The increase of the cesium radionuclide accumulation in crops due to the implementation of nitrogen fertilizers was revealed. Herewith, the use of potash fertilizers leads to the decrease of the 137Cs accumulation in plants. And in case of the implementation of complex potash-nitrogen fertilizers, the positive effect of potassium is neutralized by the negative effect of nitrogen.
Different techniques tested in early 90s, such as sand additives in peat soils, have not been widely used as an agricultural countermeasure, and not included in any recommendations for the improvement of radioecological situation in the radioactively contaminated territories.
The aim of the study is to estimate the effect implementation of sandy additives to peat soils on the 137Cs accumulation in perennial grasses. Different doses of sand additives at a rate of 200 t/ha; 300 t/ha and 400 t/ha were used in the research. Added sand was evenly mixed in the top layer of peat.
It is possible to use wood ash in peat soils, especially for acidic soil, taking into account that 1.5 tons of ash is an aliquot of the standard potassium phosphate fertilizers. The ratio of 1–1.5 tons of ash and 30 kg of superphosphate per 1 hectare is considered to be the most effective. But the systematic introduction of ash in the lowland and transitional peat can lead to the increase of alkalinity of peat soil and has negative effect on the soil fertility. Therefore, periodic implementation of ash fertilizer (with breaks of 3-4 years) is the most appropriate. The liming of the transitional and upland peat soils cannot be replaced by the implementation of wood ash as a source of potassium and phosphorus.
During these studies the positive effect of the researched countermeasures on the 137Cs accumulation in Festuca rubra L. plants was revealed. Herewith, high radiological efficiency of the implementation of complexes of ameliorants (sand + ash) is observed.
The average values of radiological efficiency of the sand additives implementation were in the range of 1,9 ± 0,5 times at the rate of 200 tons of sand per hectare to 52,7 ± 7,6 times at the rate of 400 tons sand and 3 tons of ash per hectare.
The implementation of ameliorants in the combination of 400 tons sand and 3 tons of ash per hectare had the highest value of the radiological efficiency. The maximum decrease of 137Cs accumulation by plants was observed in this combination of ameliorants.
Obtained results indicate the high level of radiological efficiency of the studied countermeasures (sand and ash additives), as well as combination of these ameliorants. It is rational to use these countermeasures from radiological perspective, as well as economic perspective due to the availability of sand and ash within the suffered agricultural lands.
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