QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAINS FOR USE MILD FOLIAR FEEDING FOREST-STEPPE LEFT BANK UKRAINE

Abstract

Fertilizers are one of the most effective means of influencing the productivity and quality of plants. Due to the high cost of fertilizers to farmers, the goal is to minimize their losses and management. Carrying out foliar fertilizing is an effective way of fertilization, which increases the availability of nutrients for plants and encourage their assimilation with better soil. It should be noted that this method of power plants has long been known, but prevalent in recent years. Especially effective is the sheet (leaf) making micronutrients.

On the effectiveness of the micronutrients particularly affects the form in which they are located. So widely known that the most effective chelate form, e organic form in which the microcell (preferably metal) is in connection with a chelating agent.

Micronutrients should pay special attention to the organization of power plants. Lack of any element can be a limiting factor. It is known that the utilization of nutrients from the soil is low. Thus, for nitrogen and potash it is 30 to 60 % for phosphorus in different soils from 15 to 40 %. As for micronutrients, this ratio is less than 1 % of the mobile forms of trace elements in the soil. These facts can make some conclusions about the effective organization of plant nutrition.

In fact any weather and soil-climatic conditions strongly affect the availability of trace elements for plants. A sheet printed on the surface of minerals easily penetrate the plant is well absorbed, give rapid effect.

In this regard, particular urgency is the use in agriculture of new high fertilizer for foliar plant nutrition in order to optimize the flow of physiological processes in plants, increase productivity and improve the quality of agricultural products.

The aim - to set the features of formation of yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat depending on foliar feeding сhelated micronutrient in terms of left-bank Forest-steppe of  Ukraine.

The object of the study were soft winter wheat varieties Vdala, Era of odessa and Tsarichanka. The scheme of the experiment during vyroschuvnnya above varieties envisaged use of foliar feeding drugs Basfoliar 36 Extra, Rostock Grain and control without the use of foliar feeding.

Fertilization included mineral fertilizers during primary tillage and pre-sowing under cultivation with the use of chemical plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases. Yields of crops growing technology determines the effectiveness and economic feasibility of production.

Over the years, studies of winter wheat yield index varied by variations within 3,2-5,7 t/ha. The lowest yield observed in 2014 in class Era of odessa to version control and was 3,2 t/ha, and the highest - in 2016 in a variety Tsarichanka for the use of the drug Basfoliar 36 Extras (5,7t / ha).

Yields successful in a variety of studies over the years was within 3,3-5,6 t/ha.

The highest yield was characterized in 2016. This is due to weather conditions prevailing during the ripening and harvesting, e warm and dry weather, which was observed in the second half of July, although late June - early July marked reduced temperature and excessive moisture, which contributed to the development of diseases and heavy weed growth in the period.

The results of the research, the average yield for years was within 3,7 t/ha of cultivation without using chelating agents in a variety Tsarichanka. By making Basfoliara 36 Extra average yield increase was 1,1 t/ha and grain Rostock – 
0,9 kg/ha.

At the level of grade Tsarichanka yields were in the class successful. Somewhat lower 0,2-0,3 t/ha yield was in grade Era odessa. The results of our investigations it was found that the yield of winter wheat depends on foliar feeding chelate drugs.

Protein content – an important indicator of the quality of grain, of which the value of food and basic technological properties of flour.

In terms of research (2014–2016) protein content in wheat soft winter was in the range of 10,3 to 14,5 %. The greatest value of the protein was observed in 2015 - 14,5 % for drug Basfoliar 36 Extra class in Era of odessa. The lowest protein content (10,3 %) was in 2016 for growing winter wheat without foliar application in a variety of successful.

For the mass of assessing the quality of winter wheat gained widespread use sedimentation method, which is well reflected as physical properties of dough and baking quality of flour. Sedimentation index (swelling) was both complex and defined quality and protein content.

According to the research of sedimentation rate in winter wheat was 26 -43 ml.

More number sedimentation occurred in 2015 (43 ml) in a variety of Era of odessa for use Basfoliar 36 Extra, the figure was lower in 2014 and 2016 to control versions. The high value of this indicator in 2015 was due not only to favorable weather conditions, but also a direct connection with other indicators of quality grain.

It is the quantity and quality of gluten dependent rheological properties of dough and its ability to retain carbon dioxide during baking and provide flexible and porous crumb of bread. Performance and quality of gluten content provide more reliable data on the baking properties than the estimate based on the protein content in grain.

The lowest gluten content in grain formed by growing winter wheat without application of foliar feeding. Thus, in 2014 the number of gluten was 24,3 % in grade Era of odessa under control, but with the introduction of Basfoliar – 30,2 % in grade Vdala.

2015 is characterized by the highest rates gluten content. Against the background using Basfoliara 36 Extra, Rostock and grain growing importance of the amount of gluten in the studied varieties (30,1-33,0 %). Reduces the amount of gluten in control (26,1-27,0 %).

As the ripening grain at its optimum loading, significantly changing the quality of gluten. According to the research quality winter wheat gluten during the 2014-2016 biennium. Had no significant changes in grades and was 85-91 un. VDK.

The results of experimental studies on the features of formation of yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat depending on foliar feeding Chelated micronutrient confirmed the feasibility of their implementation.

Highly appeared foliar feeding drugs Basfoliar 36 Extra, Rostock and grain in combination with a comprehensive system of protection of plant winter wheat.

Found that the highest average yield of 4,8 t/ha received the varieties and Vdala, Tsarichanka for use chelated fertilizer Basfoliar 36 Extra. The best varieties for gluten-free number (33,0%) had grade Era of odessa. Thus, in terms of left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine for our grades on grain precursor peas foliar feeding is the best researched drugs on the use of technology-intensive chemical protection.