FATTENING QUALITIES OF LARGE WHITE PIG BREED UNDER THE TEMPERATURE STRESS

Abstract

Animal organism is in constant interaction with a variety of environmental factors (conditions of breeding). This interaction appears in profound changes in physiological processes such as circulation, respiration, gas exchange, metabolism, thermoregulation, consumption of food and water, which ultimately affects animal reproductivity qualities and quality of the received production.

Animals can feel comfortably only in a narrow range of micro-climatic parameters. Pigs are known to have overexcited nervous system. For porcine stress, which occurs against heat, is accompanied with increasing respiratory rate, it becomes superficial, may cause tremors, in most cases there is a sharp decline in body weight increases, a significant decrease in the meat quality. This causes big material losses to farms and reduces the efficiency of the industry.

Fattening qualities in young pigs are key indicators of economic efficiency of the industry. The article presents the results of changes in fattening qualities among pigs of Large White  breed under long-term temperature stress during the final stage of fattening.

The microclimate and conditions of detention combining with full feeding can help to increase productivity up to 40 - 70% because of  pigs  with new genotypes can realize their genetic potential only in a narrow range of micro-climatic parameters. Environmental factors, have a significant impact on the pigs, metabolism, animal growth, health, productivity and quality of the resulting production.

 Because of the temperature stress, the biggest changes occur in pig gastro - intestinal tract, cardio - vascular and respiratory systems. The action of temperature stress inhibits the secretion of gastric juices; it starts to have a lack of bactericidal function, the activity of pepsin decreases and the concentration of protein. Pepsin, trypsin and enterokinase (proteolytic enzymes group) suffer concentration decrease, which leads to slower absorption of amino acids.

The secretion of pancreatic enzymes and intestinal motility is suppressed, then appetite decreases, and consequently animal productivity. Under high temperature biliary liver function falls, which reduces the amount of glycogen, thiamine and riboflavin in the liver. Evidence of oxidative stress is reducing the number of ascorbic acid. Selected piglets were weaned from the sow in the age of 60 days and bred to 30 kg in the same conditions. Fattening was held in stalls for 15 goals on solid concrete floor.

During the last month of fattening animals of both experimental groups were subjected to long-term temperature stress technology, that triggered significant deviation in microclimatic parameters. The first study group was held at temperature +5 ... + 7 0C, research group II was held at a temperature of +29 ... + 30 0C, a control group of animals retained by VNTP-APK- 02.05 "Pig-breeding enterprises (buildings, farms, small farms)" with temperature +17 ... + 21 0C.

According to research results, it was found that for the average daily weight gain first research group had lower indexes compearing to the control group to 33.1%; the second experimental group also had less weight gain compearing to the control to 52.5%. Overrun of feed for 1 kg of increased weight gain  in the experimental group were used more compearing to control up to 39.1%, and the second experimental group –  up to 53.7%

The study of fattening parameters in young growth of Large White pig breed shows that animals, those were influenced by long-term technological, temperature stress, had significantly lower average daily gain, higher feed costs and  longer age of achievement 100 kg weight; it increases respectively by 41.6 days for first experimental group and 72.5 days for second experimental group.

According to the received data it allows to affirm the economic losses and the inability competitive economy because of ignoring technological areas of microclimate for growing and fattening pigs. It was found the essential influence of temperature regime on feeding indexes in growing pigs. Shown data can be taken into account in the design of ventilation and heating in rooms for animals.