ASSESSMENT OF OWN PRODUCTIVITY MARES OF NOVOOLEXANDRIVSKOY DRAFT BREED

Abstract

Important tasks of draft horse breeding is improvement of quality of horses. Their use not only as for job of animals and as productive - dairy and meat.

It is known that milk production of mares is caused by a complex of heritable and natural factors such as accessory to certain lines and families, duration service period and lactations, age of animals and level of milk production, feature of course of lactations, type of the highest nervous system, duration and the period between milkings, and also conditions of leaving, content and feeding. Besides, economic activity of  koumiss farm is defined also by quantity of the received and realized foals. Under these conditions to couple mares it is necessary in the first and second estrus after foaling.

Respectively to technological parameters duration service-period of mares within 40-45 days is provided. Lengthening service-period promotes a long lactation and according to increase to a milk. But then we will receive few foals for all their years of use from mares. The pregnancy is an important factor which influences duration of a lactation and slows down process of formation of milk. It is known that at mares of native and factory breeds on 5-6 month of a pregnancy milk yield decreases and the lactation comes to an end.

Milk production of mares of the Russian and Soviet heavy breeds regularly decreased from 3-4 months of a lactation on data O. S. Milko (1986). According to other data milk production of the Lithuanian, Russian and Soviet draft breeds in the conditions of intensive technologies was high to 6 month lactations and then gradually decreased.

The curve of lactation depends on specific features mare. She can be long-intensive, long-weak, short-intensive, short-weak. Moreover, character of lactation at mares as a rule repeats by years.

The capacity of an udder is an important sign which characterizes potential opportunities of dairy productivity mares. Determine optimum and maximum capacity of an udder. The optimum capacity of an udder decides by single milk yield on an interval in 2 hours. The maximum capacity of udder for a bigger interval in 4-5 hours.

Novooleksandrovskoy draft breed is used for milking in Ukraine.

The koumiss farm of  Dubrovsky horse-breeding center № 62 isn't limited to koumiss production, but also conducts work on cultivation of breeding foals, identification and enhancement of dairy productivity of mares due to selection of foals from high-productive individuals. The task of koumiss farm it`s begin to sell a milk of mares in the market. In the nearest future the koumiss farm plans to deliver for the goods market a new product - genuine mare's milk.

The research objective is milk production of mares of novooleksandrovskoy draft breed. Control of milking had been made two times a month in two adjacent days. The sheets of reproduction in four years (2013-2016) were used. Foaling passes from February to May months. Mares are milked by five months from May 1 to October 1. Milk production is seasonal. Milk production per day calculated  I.Saygin by a formula.

Duration of the lactation period (days) was established by date of a foaling and the end of a lactation.

Duration service-period and lactations of mares of novoaleksandrovskoy draft breed in four years (2013-2016). These indicators to depends on specific features of animals more. In the majority of mares the shortened or long period of a lactation steadily repeats.

Data of mares on reproduction have shown that lactation duration on average 183 days. Individual variability on this sign makes from 121 to 211 days.

Mares with big service period and those from them in which foaling in April-May months, can longer give milk. We have no opportunity to investigate the maximum duration of  a lactation because milking of mares comes to an end on October 1.

Milk production increase in goes till 3rd month of a lactation then there occurs decrease from 3-4 months of a lactation.

On average in four years (2013-2016), service period in 48 mares of a novooleksandrovskoy draft of breed continues 33 ± 2,1 days and coefficient of a variation of 9,1 %. The majority of mares, 33 animals (68,7 %) have service-period less than 40 days, more than 40 days - 31,3 %, from them 10 heads (20,8 %) have service-period more than 50 days (fertilization happens in the third estrus). In the first estrus was it is fertilized 31,3 % - 15 mares.

Capacity of an udder of mares, taking into account milk yield, average makes 1,6 l with a 2-hour interval between milkings.

For comparison of the previous researches, in May, it is planned to make experiment with augmentation of an interval between an excommunication of foals and the first milking, from 2 o'clock at 3:00.

Also to investigate duration of a lactation and composition of milk taking into account year-round technological process of receiving milk. At mares with non-optimal service-period duration of a lactation can be increased. To optimize for the purpose of changes in technological process service period in combination with increase in the lactational period.