THE USE OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS FERTILIZER OF LATE CABBAGE IN IRRIGATED VEGETABLE AND FODDER CROP ROTATION STEPPE OF UKRAINE.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.02.008Keywords:
cabbage, irrigated crop rotation, fertilizer system, soil nutrient regime, productivity, economic efficiencyAbstract
Cabbage - perhaps the most common vegetable crops inUkraineare growing in size and scale of consumption. Today during late cabbage is 74.2 thousand ha. In recent years there has been a tendency to reduce the acreage and gross harvest of cabbage.
It was established that the average years of research on the use of fertilizers in vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an increase in soil content available for plant nutrition elements: the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 20-44%, mobile phosphorus - at 12-47, exchangeable potassium - the 21- 37%. The most optimal conditions for power generated in the soil using organic-mineral system of fertilization (60 t/ha manure + (the entire surface) N120P120K90, 40 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 (locally). Using organic and compliant mineral and organic fertilizers marked increase soil microbial activity rhizosphere, including increasing quantity Diazotroph and growing the potential activity coefficient of nitrogen fixation and mineralization.
On average for the years 2011-2013 to use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase in total harvest of cabbage 17,3-19,4 t / ha or 46,2-51,9% harvest for the control 37.4 t / ha. The most effective is the use of organo-mineral system of fertilization (manure 60 t / ha + N120P120K90 or 40 tons of manure + N60P60K45 locally) and mineral system fertilization (N120P120K90). According fertilization systems overall harvest of cabbage was 56,3-56,8 t / ha.
The highest harvest provides joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers (60 t/ha manure + N120P120K90 or 40 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 locally) increase productivity while ranged 19,4-19,2 t/ha. Using only mineral fertilizers (N120P120K90) provides an increase in overall productivity of the cabbage by 50.5%, making only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) – 48%.
Fertilizing effect on biochemical indicators of production cabbage. The average years of research by the dry matter content in cabbage heads without the use of fertilizers was 7.21%, the organic-mineral fertilizing systems (60 t/ha manure + N120P120K90 or 40 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 locally) – 7.58-7.32%, for mineral fertilizers (N120P120K90) - 7.97%, using only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) - 8.06%.
It was observed rise of total sugars in the cabbage. For joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers total sugar content is 3,50-3,73%, while only entering mineral fertilizer N120P120K90 - 4.13%, 40 t/ha manure - 4.22% at the value of the indicator on the control of 3 62%. A significant augmentation of the maintenance of ascorbic acid observed only for use of 60 t/ha manure + N120P120K90 (27.99 mg/100g) at the value of the indicator without fertilizers 24.81 mg/100g.
Over fertilizing observed a significant growth of nitrate in the cabbage. To control the nitrate content was 269 mg/kg wet weight, for fertilizing marked increase in their to 389-436 mg/kg, but below the excess of the maximum allowable concentration (500 mg/kg wet weight).
Cabbage growing on black soil irrigated soils of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraineuse organic-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 locally), providing an increase in total harvest of 51.3% and improves some biochemical parameters product quality (dry substance, ascorbic acid). Apply fertilizer only (N120P120K90) increases in the cabbage of total sugar (4.13%). Nitrate in cabbage fertilization increased to 389 – 436 mg/kg, but was below the MAC (500 mg/kg wet weight).
In the aggregate performance in growing cabbage irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation appropriate to use organic-mineral (40 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 - locally) and mineral (N120P120K90) fertilization system, thus increasing the harvest to 50-52% without compromising product quality.
On average for the years conducted research using organic fertilizers when growing cabbage irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an additional profit at the level of 18,0-24,4 thousand UAH./ha. The largest profit provides the use of mineral (N120P120K90) and organo-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + locally N60P60K45), which varies between 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH/ha. The high level of profitability provides the use of mineral and organic-mineral, with application of mineral fertilizer locally fertilizer system; while profitability was 78% (46% in controls).
Discussion. To obtain stable yields of cabbage with high quality fresh produce and preserve soil fertility in terms of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine developed the best science-based system of fertilization of cabbage for its cultivation in irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation - compatible manure 40 t/ha and N60P60K45 (locally). This system improves nutrient fertilizer in the soil profile, which further increases the overall performance and productivity of the cabbage for 56.6 and 50.8 t/ha according to the normative indicators of quality fresh produce. Recommended system fertilize cabbage, organo-mineral (40 t/ha manure + N60P60K45 locally) and mineral (N120P120K90) provide the greatest profit per hectare - 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH.
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