LEVEL OF HARMFUL GASES IN AIR OF THE SECTION FOR FARROW AT DIFFERENT SEASONS OF A YEAR AND CONDITIONS OF MICROCLIMATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.02.017Keywords:
pig breeding, microclimate, sows, level of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, seasone of a year, temperatureAbstract
The level of air pollution with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in premises where sows are housed, plays a key role in the emergence and development of bronchopulmonary diseases and reveals a high impact on the health of animals and their productivity. The aim of the research was to determine the level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in air of premise for sows under different conditions of creating microclimate depending on the season and temperature in sections and compare the production efficiency of two system of air giving and its degree of purity. For study it has been taken two premises with different ventilation system. In the first premise microclimate was created by the air giving from channels that are underground, through a special radiator where air heated by the heat of solid fuel boilers. Air was given into a section where sows are housed through the holes located underneath on its perimeter, and remove from the premises carried out through the ventilation shaft in the ceiling. In the second premise air intake was carried out through valves in walls from the corridor where air is reported directly from the environment and held preheating and removed through a ventilation shaft in the ceiling.
Determining the level of gases (O2, H2S, NH3) in air of premise was carried out by electrochemical method using a portable multi-gas analyzer ANKAT-7664Mikro.
The question of changes in the level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in air of premise for sows at different seasons of a year and conditions of creating a microclimate.
The comparative analysis of the data about the content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the first and second premises showed that in the second premise where in all seasons of a year air was given through wall valves the level of ammonia was in 2.4 ... 30.3 times significantly (P <0.01 ... 0.001) higher than in air of the first premise. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in air of the second premise was also significantly higher in 3,7..13,1 times (P <0.001) than air in the first premise. The oxygen content in air of the second premise, except the winter period, was significantly (p <0.05 .. p <0.005) lower than in the first premise.
A significant difference between the content of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen in air of the first and second premises indicates that the supply of fresh air into the premise through the air vents which are located on the perimeter of the section, followed by the removal of its through the roof ventilation ducts at times reduces air pollution by harmful gases.
Thus the system of air giving through channels in the bottom of the sections of premise cooled in a warm season of a year and heated in cold periods can significantly reduce the verge of change of temperature in the premise during the year, have at times significantly (from p <0.05 to p <0.001) lower level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and a higher relative content of oxygen in air at the level of placing animals. Air giving into the premise below through channels along the perimeter of the section was more effective than air giving through blowing valves placed in the walls.
It is shown that in the first premise the level of ammonia in air was the highest in winter (3.63 ± 0.85 mg / m3) and significantly higher (p <0.001) than in other seasons. In spring the level of ammonia in the premise was almost zero, and in summer and autumn its level in air was respectively 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.19 ± 0.07 mg/m3, which is much less than the maximum level (15 mg / m3).
The level of hydrogen sulfide in the sections of premise for sows even in winter was in 20 times lower (0.51 ± 0.03 mg / m3) maximum admissible (10 mg / m3). In spring, in the premises the level of hydrogen sulfide was minimal (0.36 ± 0.03 mg / m3) and significantly (p <0.01) differed from the level in the winter. In summer, the level of hydrogen sulfide in air was significantly higher (p <0.05) than in winter and reaches values of 0.63 ± 0.03 mg / m3, but still was more lower than the maximum permissible values. In autumn the level of hydrogen sulfide in air of premise was slightly lower (0.43 ± 0.06 mg / m3) than in summer and winter, but it has not the difference.
In summer the relative oxygen content in air of premise was minimal (19.47 ± 0.03%) and significantly (p <0.001) differed from its winter level (21.09 ± 0.12%). These data strongly suggest about effective ventilation in the premises. The high relative to other seasons, the level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in air in winter is the result of reducing the intensity of air ventilation in the premises associated with the need of economical using heat and energy.
An analysis of the data obtained in the second premise, where air is reported through wall valves and was removed through roof exhaust channels, it was found that the range of seasonal fluctuations in temperature was considerably wider than in the first premise and ranged from 21.32 ± 0.20 ºC in winter to 30.39 ± 0.20 ºC in summer, and the value obtained in spring and autumn were at 24.3 and 25.7 ºC respectively.
Number of ammonia in the winter and was impressed maximum at 8.87 ± 1.36 mg / m3, which was 1.7 times less than the maximum level (15 mg / m3). In summer, the ammonia level was 5.5 times significantly (p <0.001) lower than in the winter, and in spring and autumn the amount of ammonia in the air was respectively 7.76 and 5.76 mg / m3, but the likely differences it is not enough.
Levels of hydrogen sulfide in the air of premise was in the winter - the minimum (1.90 ± 0.11 mg / m3) and in spring (4.71 ± 0.50 mg / m3) maximum, which is significantly above the level in winter (p <0.001).
In summer and autumn the hydrogen sulfide content was within 2.25 ± 0.24 and 2.77 ± 0.38 mg / m3 respectively, but the difference regarding probable winter was found only in the autumn.
The relative oxygen content in air of premise regarding winter was significantly lower in spring (p <0.05) and summer (p <0.001). This trend of changes of the relative oxygen content in air was the same in the two premises. The total values of indexes of microclimate in the first premise, relatively to values obtained in the second premise, show better system of creating and control of microclimate, and therefore the best conditions of housing animals and work of staff. The study of influence of air giving system into the premise allows to determine the strengths sides of creating microclimate and introduce them at creating new and the reconstruction of existing premises.
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