ETHOLOGY PIGS BY DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF DETENTION

Abstract

Evaluation of animal behavior in groups, usually indicates conformity growing conditions to their needs, that they should contribute to streamlining relations between individuals. It is known that the restriction in movement slows the formation of the musculoskeletal system and contributes to premature development of fatty tissue that weakens the viability and reduces the reproduction quality animals.

Found that between the behavior and performance of animals there is a certain relationship. The behavior of pigs is largely genetically caused, depending on the type of higher nervous activity and lifelong formed through the interaction of genotype with the environment. During the breeding and fattening pigs on the body affects rank stress, resulting in physiological changes in animals and ethological status, which ultimately can affect their performance. Duration of rest and physical activity depends on the area and quality of the lair, the location of sources of heat, temperature, age, genotype animals.

The intensification of pig farming usually changes the conditions of existence of pigs through higher nervous activity affects animal behavior.

Check the "new" group of individuals to have caused considerable excitement, fights, fights and can cause stress. The research results show that the subordinate position of piglets in the nest determines the shape of the passive defensive reaction in their future behavior.

It is known that pigs in uncomfortable conditions behave restlessly, moving more, less rest, often exposed to traumatic injury. This ultimately reduces the average daily gain and increases fattening period. Therefore, the establishment of appropriate "comfort physiological" welfare of animals adapt to stress factors and neutralize their adverse effects.

The material for scientific and economic experiments served as a repair mumps and got them further feeding young.

The aim of the experiment was supposed to study ethological indicators gilts and got them in the first pig-breeding feeding young pigs. To achieve this goal were selected at 2 months of age 150 gilts, of which the three formed a group of 50 heads each. In the control group of pigs kept partially slit floor, where 70% were solid concrete floor, and 30% - crevice. In the second experimental group of animals kept on a fully slit floor. Рigs third experimental group kept on deep litter immutable.

Insemination gilts performed at 8 months of age, with animals from each group were selected by 30 goals. During the period gestating animals of all groups were kept on deep straw bedding immutable.

Weaning piglets from sows and their transfer to the rearing took place in the 28-day age. Up to 77-day old pigs were on rearing, after which they were transferred to fattening.

In each group feeding  pigs derived from experimental sows farrowing in the first, selected 30 model heads are fed to 6 months of age. Egalitarian experiment period lasted 28 days, during which the pigs were under sows to leak. The main period lasted 152 days, when pigs were in the  rearing and fattening. Thus the animals were kept in the same conditions as their mothers during cultivation, pigs 1st group held partially slit floor, 2nd group - a fully slit floor and pig 3rd experimental group were kept in deep immutable litter.

Ethological performance of experimental gilts and got them feeding livestock examined by visual observation and time and motion.

As a result of studies found that repairs pigs that were held when grown on deep straw bedding in all ages were moving more on 1,9- and spent 10.2% and 1.1-38.4% more time feed intake than those who grew up partially or completely slit floor.

Upon reaching the age of coupling pigs, which were kept on deep straw bedding for the body weight of the dominated, which grew partly slit on the floor by 8.8% (p<0.001), with 7.0% less cost of feed per1 kgincrease live weight.

Motor activity feed and feeding of young pigs for the content on deep litter immutable, compared with animals that are grown and fed partially or completely slit floor increases by 0.3-5.5%, which increases the intensity of growth on 5.3- 10.7% and a decrease of 1.9-3.4% of the cost of feed per1 kgincrease in body weight.