THE QUALITY VARIATION OF RAW MILK UNDER PREPARATION BASED ON CITRATE Zn AND Ge

Authors

  • L. A. Kondrasyi National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine image/svg+xml
  • O. N. Yakubchak National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine image/svg+xml
  • N. O. Maliuk National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine image/svg+xml
  • V. H. Kaplunenko Director of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LLC , директор ТОВ «Наноматеріали і нанотехнології»

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.03.019

Keywords:

citrate Zn and Ge, blood, milk, quality

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate impact of citrate zinc and germanium on cow’s milk quality during the first months of lactation. The subclinical cow mastitis is the main problem of reduction in raw milk quality; it is typical for most Ukraine and foreign dairy farms. Therefore, actual search the tools that are able to support the immune system of cows in critical periods, including postnatal period and the first months of lactation. Recent posts researchers demonstrate the ability of germanium compounds to influence on immune system. Nanotechnology can create citrate germanium and some essential elements that are fractional used from feed in the early digestion period by biota of cow’s rumen. Therefore, we have tested the preparation – hermakap, which is comprised of citrate Zn and Ge; at dose of 10 ml once a week for a month. We used parenteral injection to experimental group of cows in the period of 8–9 months of pregnancy. Next time of parenteral injection was provided on second month of lactation. The control group remained intact. The Blood test performed once a month; milk test performed every week for the 1st-3rd month of lactation. Increase of leukocytes number (particularly neutrophils and monocytes) was detected in cows from experimental group compared control group upon performance the Blood test. Also we noticed the tendency to increase total protein content and total Ig in blood from cows of the experimental group.

For greater accuracy it should be noted that we determined a significant increase of hemoglobin in blood of cows experimental group (I) compared to the control group (II); it might means that  better oxygen respiration between the blood and tissues. However, next time of parenteral injection (second month of lactation) have not established symptoms. The number of leukocytes in the blood of cows of the experimental group was significantly higher compared with controls at all stages of the experiment. Morphological changes of leukocytes and erythrocytes were not observed in blood of cows both groups.

However, after morphological test we observed great lymphocytes in cow’s blood from experimental group; the great lymphocytes have not exceeded 10%; but increased them in experimental group compared to the control group can indicates of their immunological activity [15-17].

Estimated of leykohramy showed no nuclear shift of neutrophilic leukocytes. It should be noted that eosinophils are able to take part in the decontamination of poisons and toxins. One can argue about missing allergic or toxic effects of hermakap because we have not determined increase of eosinophilic leucocytes in blood of cows of the experimental group. The number of banded neutrophiles was significantly higher in cow’s blood from experimental group at all stages of experience, and segmented neutrophil at the second stage (re-injection). This is quite a positive sign, because the most important functional elements of neutrophils nonspecific defense system of blood that later migrate mainly in the mucous membranes, phagocytic bacteria etc. [15].

Regarding to agranulocytes we determined slight lymphocytosis – 65.8 ± 2.9% and 66.4 ± 2.9%, in blood of cows from control group, at the 1st and 2nd month of lactation respectively. This can occurs by neutrophil-hypoeosinophilia group disease. Monocytes were at the lower limit of normal. The blood agranulocytes of cows experimental group had another changes, some increase of lymphocytes were in first period of experiment, and the monocytes content was slightly increased during both periods of the experiment. The total protein content has tendency to increase in blood during the first and second periods using hermakap - by 2.6% and 4.8%, respectively.

Given the fact that beta-globulin fraction is 2% antibody, and the gamma globulin - 98%, we have determined the content of total antibodies in the blood of experimental animals. The results indicated a tendency to increase the content of total Ig in blood of experimental group of cows, compared with the control group by 2.9%.

After used hermakap were changed some quality parameters of milk of cows from experimental group; we identified trend of increasing protein, lactose and dry matter (without fat). During the first three months of lactation was found lower average value of SCC in the milk of cows of the experimental group, compared with the control group. The difference between groups was 24.56 thousand/cm3, 112.14, and 132.95 thousand/cm3 SCC in the first, second and third months of lactation, respectively.

During the 1st month of lactation observed a trend of fat, protein and SCC increase in the cow’s milk of control group (II) compared to experimental (I) - on 0.09%, 0.1% and 24.56 thousand/cm3, respectively. In the second month of lactation, when we re-used hermakap, noted some tendency to increase milk quality parameters in the experimental group compared with the control. In particular, lactose and protein increased by 0.15% and 0.13%, respectively, and the SCC decreased by 112.14 thousand/cm3.

Increase of lactose in the milk of cows from experimental group could occur due to increased glucose and protein in their blood, and the lack of tendency to inflammation in the mammary gland. Ingredients of dry matter (without fat) formed mainly of proteins, lactose and various minerals [19, 20 Its logical, given the fact that the content of minerals is only 0.5 to 1.0%, that dry matter (without fat) have increase in cow’s milk experimental group in the 2nd and 3rd months. Scientific justify lower SCC in experimental group compared with the control group in the 1st, 2nd and 3 months. We explain this with increase of monocytes. The monocytes going out from the blood into tissues, then accompanied by differentiation transformation into macrophages. The increase monocytes content in blood could lead increase macrophages in the mammary gland, and, therefore, increase phagocytosis of pathogenic microorganisms.

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Published

2017-06-15

Issue

No. 3(67) (2017)

Section

Veterinary medicine, quality and safety of livestock products

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