ENDOGENIC INTOXICATION AND INFECTION PROCESSES IN THE RATH OF THE RATES HAVING A NITRIC HUMIDIFIED NITRIC AND HUMIDIFIED DIMENSION

Abstract

Topicality. Recently, more and more attention of researchers is paid to the combined pathologies caused by the action of several toxic factors on the body. Widespread use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture has led to pollution of the environment, in particular, atmospheric air, drinking water and consumed food, which may pose a threat to human health. Nitrates, being strong oxidants, are absorbed into the bloodstream and under the influence of the enzyme, nitrate reductase is reduced to nitrites that interact with hemoglobin and convert it into methemoglobin, which is no longer able to tolerate oxygen. There is tissue hypoxia in the body. In addition, poisoning with nitrates leads to the activation of oxidative processes in the body and the development of oxidative stress. Currently, the problem of tobacco smoking is acute. The prevalence of tobacco smoke has recently become an epidemic and is a global problem for humanity. Anxiety is caused by passive smoking, whose role in reducing the health of people, especially children and adolescents, is becoming more and more significant. The fatal effect of smoking is associated with the presence of a large number of carcinogens and toxic substances in tobacco. Prolonged smoking is associated with an increase in the carboxyhemoglobin content and a reduction in the throughput of red blood cells (for oxygen) leading to tissue hypoxia. Some studies have shown that cigarette smoke activates leukocytes that activate the formation of chemically active oxygen and nitrogen and secrete inflammatory cytokines, increase the adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium, and cause respiratory inflammation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of endogenous intoxication and the activity of inflammatory processes in rats of different ages after their damage sodium nitrite on the background of 45 days intoxication with tobacco smoke.

Material and methods of research. Experiments were carried out on white rats of the immature, mature and senile, which for 45 days were cured with tobacco smoke in a sealed chamber. One of the animal groups received sodium nitrite at a dose of 45 mg / kg body weight for 72 hours before the end of the experiment. Tobacco smoke, which was formed from burning 6 cigarettes "Prima silver (blue)" containing 0.6 mg of nicotine and 8 mg of resin), through the holes in the chamber was fed into it. After 15, 30 and 45 days from the beginning of the animal's defeat with tobacco smoke, they were withdrawn from the experiment by euthanasia under thiopental anesthesia. In the blood, the content of methemoglobin was determined in reaction with acetonecyanadrin and carboxyhemoglobin in reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). The level of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 4 (IL-4)) was determined by the immune enzyme method using serum test systems. The degree of endogenous intoxication was assessed by the content of medium molecules in serum/

Results and discussion. It is established that after the defeat of tobacco smoke in the blood of animals of all age groups the carboxyhemoglobin content is increased. The most susceptible to the effect of tobacco smoke were unborn rats, whose content of HbCO had risen substantially by the 15th day of intoxication and was 152% of the normal level. After 45 days of smoke, this figure increased to 275%, after administration of toxic sodium nitrite content to HbCO increased to 303%. Poisoning of toxic rats sodium nitrite has led to a possible increase in the content of methemoglobin in the blood, indicating the development of hypoxia in the affected organism. After 45 days of intoxication with TS, the content of MetHb increased 1.3 times in immature rats, 1.5 times in those who became mature and 1.8 times in the senile. Introduction to the body of an additional toxicant of sodium nitrite has led to a possible increase in this indicator in the blood of animals of all age categories. The greatest increase was observed in the content of MetHb in the blood of uncultivated rats (3.3 times). In the experimental rats, after the lesion in the blood serum, the content of medium-weight molecules, macrophages, endogenous intoxication increased. The highest indexes of the content of both fractions of medium weight molecules have been observed in immature rats under the influence of both toxicants. It is known that TS can cause inflammatory processes, in particular, by induction of proinflammatory cytokines. In the smoked rats of all age groups, the content of proinflammatory and decreases in the content of anti-inflammatory cytokines increases, indicating an increase in the content of IL-6 and a decrease in the content of IL-4. 45 days of TS defeat resulted in an increase in the content of IL-6 in blood serum of unborn rats by 3.4 times, in those who became mature in 2.8 times and in the elderly by 2.4 times in the level of intact animals. Introduction to the damaged smoke of the body of sodium nitrite further exacerbated the development of inflammatory process: the content of proinflammatory cytokine in young animals increased by 4.6 times, in mature - 3.5 times, in the senile - 2.6 times. After defeating TS for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment, the content of anti-inflammatory IL-4 decreased by 1.5 times in young and aged rats, in mature - by 1.35 times in comparison with rats in intact control. The use of an additional sodium nitrite toxicant has led to even greater decline in IL-4 production. The lowest content of this cytokine was found in non-sexually mature rats (2.2 times lower than normal). In mature and senile animals, this indicator was practically the same level (1.7-1.8 times less than intact control). The most pronounced changes were observed in immature rats after entering into the body of both toxicants, which indicates their high sensitivity to the studied toxicants.

In further research it is expedient to search for adequate methods of correction of the revealed violations with the help of enterosorbents and antihypoxants for the purpose of their application in complex therapy for the elimination of symptoms of poisoning by anthropogenic toxicants.