AN ESTIMATION OF FIRMNESS OF VARIETIES OF WHEAT SOFT TO BASIC causative AGENTS OF DISEASES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.05.018Keywords:
soft wheat, breeding, causative agents of diseases, farinaceous dew, septophoritis, brown blight, infections, pathogen, firmness to the pathogensAbstract
In conditions of intensive agriculture, diseases are precisely those factors that significantly limit the increase in yields, lead to deterioration of the quality of grain, fertility and reduced similarity.
The purpose is to analyze the adaptive properties of soft wheat collections and highlight valuable sources of productivity and resistance to the main pathogens of diseases for further selection.
Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out at the Department of Selection and Seed Production of Cereals NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS"; field experiments were laid in the selection crop rotation of the DP DH "Chabany". The object of research is soft winter wheat and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The subject of research is seeds from a working collection of 367 varieties and lines of soft winter and spring wheat. Seeding was carried out manually with a rate of 250 similar seeds per m2 in three replicates during 2013-2016. The disease was evaluated using an immunological modification scale for determining the type of immunity and the intensity of damage to wheat plants.
Research results and their discussion.
In 2014, higher marks of resistance of 7, 6 and 6, corresponding to powdery mildew, septoriosis and brown rust, are noted in such varieties as Kraevid and Pamyati Girka. These samples showed complete resistance to these diseases. The varieties of Analog, Olzhana, Volgogradskaya 60 and VATRA had a score of resistance to powdery mildew, septeriosis and brown rust, respectively, at 7, 5, 6 points, while in the standard grade 1 - Podolanka these indicators were 6, 5, 5 points, and in the district Standard grade 2 - Poliska 90 - 7, 5 and 5 points. Maintained at the level with the standard-grade 1 The breeder's breed Oberih Myronivskyi, at the level with the regional standard-grade 2, there were such varieties as Perlina Lisostepu, Stolichna, Kopylivchanka, Mirhad, Mironivska storichna, Yashnohirka, Kolibri, Bezosta-1, the German-made Torrild and Hungarian MV -LAURA, which is considered a donor of resistance to powdery mildew.
In 2015, most of the breeding stock samples examined had a score of 5 to 7 points. Of these, 6 varieties have a complex resistance to disease. This is Myronivska storichna, Columbia, Syrene Odeska, Volgogradskaya 60, Polish grade STH-1198, which had scores of resistance to powdery mildew, septeriosis and brown rust 7, 6, 7, respectively, and Olzhana grade with a score of 7, 6, 6 points. Indicators 7, 5, 7 points had varieties Snizhana, Oberig Mironivsky, Struna Myronivska, Yasnohirka and a variety of German origin Thorrild. At the level of the standard-grade Poliska 90 (7, 5, 6 points), there were such varieties of a gathering nursery as Stolichna, Pamyati Girka, Kopylivchanka, Zolotokolosa, Favoritka, Chornobrova and Romanian variety NOROC. Indicators 6, 5, 6 scored Vesta, Bezosta-1, Heroinya, Rannya-93 and Moldavian type of intensive type SELEKT. They were at the level with the standard Standard Podolyanka. The average stability of 7, 5, 5 points was observed in varieties Mirhad, Bilyava and Moldovan VATRA varieties. The Yasnogirka variety showed high resistance to pathogens of powdery mildew and brown rust, where the stability score in both cases was 7 points.
Complex resistance to pathogens of powdery mildew, septeriosis and brown rust (7, 6 and 7 points, respectively) was observed in varieties such as Olzhana and Mirlena compared with the raisined standard-grade Poliska 90 (7, 6, 6 points). Varieties of Perlina Lisostepu, Kopylivchanka, Mirhad, Vesta, Snizhana, Oberig Mironovsky, Favoritka, Volgogradskaya 60, Heroinya, Rannya-93, Struna Myronivska, German type Torrild, Australian GLAD SNAPLOCK, Polish grade STH-1198 and Austrian grade BALATON, indicators Stability was at level with raion-type standard. In the Standard-grade Podolyanka, the resistance to the three main pathogens studied was 7, 5, 6 points, respectively. The same indicators were of the standard samples of the collector nursery Analog, Zolotokolosa, Misia Odeska, Chornobrova and Moldovan type of intensive type VATRA. In the varietie Pamyati Girka noted higher resistance to the pathogen septoriosis of leaves, and the overall points of stability were 7, 6, 5 points. The varieties of the collector nursery Stolichna and Kraevid showed high resistance to pathogens of powdery mildew and brown rust - 7 points (general indicators of resistance 7, 5, 7 points).
The highest score of resistance to powdery mildew (7 points) compared to the standard grade 1 - Podolyanka for three years had varieties such as Analog, Stolichna, Olzhana, Pamyati Girka, Kopylivchanka, Mirhad, Yasnogirka, Bilyava, Volgogradskaya 60, German variety Torrild , Polish grade STH-1198, Austrian variety BALATON and Moldovan VATRA variety. The highest score of resistance to the pathogen of septoriosis (6 points) had such varieties as Olzhana and Pamyati Girka for three years. Resistance to the causative agent of brown rust (6 points) found such varieties as Volgogradskaya 60 and Romanian variety NOROC. In the varietie Syrene Odeska index of resistance to this pathogen was 6 points in 2014, 7 points in 2015 and 5 points in 2016, respectively. Complex stability for three years was observed in varieties Olzhana, Pamyati Girka, Volgogradskaya 60 and Moldavian VATRA, therefore these varieties can be considered as valuable material for further use in breeding work.
In 2014, the yields of the studied samples were quite low. The highest yield, compared to the Standard-grade Podolyanka (141 g/m2), was in the Olzhana varieties (328 g/m2), Pamyati Girka (409 g/m2), Oberig Mironivsky (312 g/m2), Polish STH-1198 (299 g/m2), Austrian BALATON (344 g/m2) and LUKILLUS (387 g/m2), Romanian NOROC (355 g/m2). The registered grade-standard 2 - Poliska 90 with a yield of 497 g/m2 did not exceed any sort of seed from the subjects. Low yields were due to the weather conditions of 2014, the strong inclination of plants in experimental areas and, consequently, significant damage to major diseases, which led to the loss of a significant part of the grain crop.
Among the best samples in 2015, you can note the following: Perlina Lisostepu, which had a grain yield of 406 g/m2, Stolichna and Pamyati Girka - 314 g/m2, Vesta - 416 g/m2, Snizhana - 366 g/m2, Oberig Mironivsky - 324 g/m2, Odeska 267 - 408 g/m2, Chornobrova - 344 g/m2, Polish grade STH-1198 - 326 g/m2, Austrian BALATON - 406 g/m2, Romanian NOROC - 418 g/m2 and Moldavian SELEKT - 316 g/m2, respectively.
In 2016, Podolanka's standard-quality standard showed a higher yield (348 g/m2) than the standard-grade Poliska 90 (277 g/m2). This indicator exceeded the varieties of Perlina Lisostepu variety (376 g/m2), Kraevid (397 g/m2), Pamyati Girka (395 g/m2), Kopylivchanka (349 g/m2), Oberig Myronivsky (390 g/m2) German origin of Torrild (355 g/m2) and Stetanes (368 g/m2). The varieties of Analog (335 g/m2), Stolichna (298 g/m2), Vesta (302 g/m2), Yasnogirka (297 g/m2), Rannya-93 (294 g/m2) and a Polish grade STH-1198 (345 g/m2) exceeded the yield index of the raisined standard-grade Polisska 90, which was 277 g/m2.
The highest average yield for three years of research compared to the registered standard-grade Poliska 90 (348 g/m2) was in Perlina Lisostepu varieties - 352.3 g/m2 and in the varietie Pamyati Girka - 372.7 g/m2. The average yield of the Standard-quality Podolyanka - 265 g/m2 exceeded the varieties such as Analog - 273 g/m2, Stolichna - 297 g/m2, Kraevid - 284.3 g/m2, Olzhana - 269 g/m2, Vesta - 330, 7 g/m2, Snizhana - 304.7 g/m2, Mironivska storichna - 269 g/m2, Oberig Mironivsky - 342 g/m2, Yasnogirka - 270.3 g/m2, Polish grade STH-1198 - 323.3 g/m2, the Austrian type of the intensive type BALATON - 302 g/m2 and the Romanian grade NOROC - 329.3 g/m2, respectively.
Conclusions
Allocated sources with group stability and complex resistance to powdery mildew, septeriosis, brown rust. Sources with resistance to powdery mildew are: Analog, Stolichna, Olzhana, Pamyati Girka, Kopylivchanka, Mirhad, Yasnogirka, Biljava, Volgogradskaya 60, German type Torrild, Polish grade STH-1198, Austrian variety BALATON and Moldavian VATRA. Sources with resistance to septeriosis of leaves: Olzhana and Pamyati Girka . Sources with resistance to brown rust: Volgogradskaya 60 and Romanian variety NOROC. Sources with complex resistance to the pathogens of the three diseases mentioned: Olzhana, Pamyati Girka, Volgogradskaya 60 and Moldavian VATRA. All these sources should be included in the breeding process.
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