THE FEATURES OF METASBOLISM OF PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED YOUNG PIGS

Abstract

In conditions of intensive production of pork, problems with metabolism are noted. Biochemical parameters of blood can be considered as the most important characteristics of the functional state and potential of the body of pigs. However, they are not transmitted from parents to descendants in the unchanged form, but are formed in the process of ontogenesis on the basis of the interaction of hereditary features and conditions of the environment.

Changes in blood composition suggest that metabolic systems can be a link between the genotype of the organism and its phenotype. The processes occurring in the body affect the composition and properties of blood, they can be judged on the intensity of metabolism, which determines the productive qualities of animals. That is why studying of biochemical indices of blood serum of pigs of different genotypes is relevant and important for assessing the level of metabolism in an organism of animals.

The purpose of our research was to study the biochemical parameters of blood of pigs of various combinations of genotypes in the age dynamics. The research was conducted in the conditions of a breeding factory for breeding pigs of Large White breed of the State Enterprise "Stepne" in the Poltava region. Three groups of animals of different genotypes have been formed for research: I group of youngsters is a combination of LWxLW (control), group II – LWxL and group III LWxP.

During studying the total protein content of serum in experimental animals, it was found that the highest value of the total protein at the age of 4 months was characterized by the combination of LWxL, which was 13,2% higher than that of pigs with a heredity of 50% for the breed of Pietren and for 14,7% - purebreed pigs of Large White breed. This indicates an increased level of protein metabolism in this period associated with the growth of muscle tissue. However, at six months of age, the young received from the combination of LWxL, a significant decrease in total protein in serum compared to other groups, indicating a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes. However, as in purebred animals, this indicator tended to increase, which indicates an increased rate of their growth in this age period.

For the intensity and direction of protein metabolism in the body of animals can be judged by the content of albumin in the blood serum. Our data suggest that the content of albumin in the serum of pigs in the combination of LWxP and LWxL was 15.24% (p≤0.01) and 14.24 (p≤0.05) higher than that of control animals in the four month age group, which indicates a high level of exchange and the intensity of growth of these genotypes, because albumins are involved in the construction of cell components, especially muscle cells. At six months of age, the difference between the groups for this indicator was small, but the tendency to increase was noted in animals of the third experimental group, which was 0.70% above the control group for this indicator. The results of our studies indicate that the protein index of serum from the pigs of the II and III experimental groups in the four month age group exceeded the control group by 0.416 (p≤0.01) and 0.420 units. (p≤0,01) respectively. When the six-month-old animals reached the level, this indicator was reduced by 0.117 units in pigs of the II experimental group and doubling in the experimental animals of the control group. This is due to the intensity of the protein metabolism in Large White pigs during this age period.

Our research revealed that at four months of age, in the serum of Large White pigs, the content of globulins was more than 14.25% (p≤ 0.01) and 15.25% (p≤ 0.001), respectively, compared to the second and third study groups. At six months, the content of globulins in purebred young was reduced by 14.42%, but there were almost no changes in crossbreed animals.

As regards the content of the γ-globulin fraction, which is the carrier of antibodies and provides immune protection of the organism, it is necessary to mark its increase in six months compared with the age of four months in pigs and experimental group 1.83%, in the II group - 3.90% , but the combination of LWxP in animals did not change its content.

Among the factors of protein metabolism plays an important role aminotransferases (ALT and AST). These enzymes catalyze in the body of animals the most important processes associated with protein metabolism. The data obtained by us show that in the young pigs of the III experimental group in the 120 days of age, the activity of AST in serum was higher in comparison with the control pigs and the second, respectively, 28.33% (p≤0.05) and 28.66 % (p≤0.05). At six months of age, this difference decreased and amounted to 14.01% and 13.08%, respectively. In the young piglet, the combination of LWxL in the four-month-old age was dominated by the control group and the third group with the ALT activity at 38.86% (p≤0.05) and 24.28%, respectively. At the age of six months, there was a decrease in ALT activity, but the trend was preserved, therefore the advantage was 4.9% and 3.68%, respectively.

Creatinine is the final product of protein metabolism. It has been established that in experimental animals, age increases the level of creatinine in the blood. We noted that for all ages, the concentration of creatinine was the highest in the pigs combination of LWxP, by this indicator they exceeded the animals of the control group by 7.40% (р≤0.05) at the age of 120 days and by 9.36% (р≤ 0.01) at the age of 180 days. Animals of the second experimental group occupied an intermediate position on this indicator. It is believed that the more muscle tissue, the higher the creatinine, which is confirmed by the data we received at the slaughter of animals. The determination of the correlation coefficient between the concentration of creatinine and the yield of meat in our studies was 0.5203(p≤0.05).

Consequently, pigs of different genotypes have their own peculiarities of metabolism, which is manifested in different blood serum contents of the protein and its fractions, enzymes. Crossbreed young, which was characterized by high growth energy, was characterized by more intense protein metabolism, which is confirmed by the growth of their live weight in different age periods. In the future it is planned to determine the connection of biochemical parameters of blood serum with qualitative indicators of pig meat, which is of particular interest in the conditions of intensive development of pig breeding.