THE EFFECT OF THE LIQUID PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS ON POTATO QUALITY

Abstract

Potato is value for people feed. It functional value is caused by high biological indexes and flavour value. It caused potato sort properties. But they changes under influence of growth conditions, soil type and soil fertility, weather, fertilizer application system, plant protection system, etc. The breach of the optimal crop production systems caused decreasing of the tuber flavour value and tuber functional value. In these conditions tuber can accumulate excess amount of the harmful substances and toxic substances for people body [1].

Maximal realization for every crop depends from plant supply by all need growth factors. There are precipitations, soil moisture, warm, nutrition. In conditions of the deficiency or excess for one of these factors there are limitations of the plant genetic realization. It causes yield decreasing and tuber quality worsening [2,3]. So, these undesirable changes there are loses of the 70 % new crate energy into plants for overcoming unbalance of the plant mineral nutrition, deficient plant water supplying, hormone disbalance, etc [4].

The mineral fertilizers became inalienable part for crop production system. But the effect of the liquied of the fertilizers forms in combination with plant growth stimulate fertilizers on tuber functional value is not enough to study. And it has actuality for research.

The goal of the investigation is to research the influence of liquid forms of the phosphate fertilizers (LCF 11-37) on background of N₁₂₀K₁₈₀ in combination with tubers pre-planting treatments and foliar fertilizers applications by growth-stimulate fertilizers (Atonic Plus and Bosfoliar Kelp) on the biochemical quality of potato tubers in conditions of Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The materials and methods for investigation. The investigation is located in field experiment of Department of the agrochemistry and quality of plant products named by Olexander Dushechkin in National University of life and environmental sciences of Ukraine. It is placed on fields in LTD “Biotech LTD” in Borispil district of the Kyiv region. The investigation was made during 2015 and 2017.

The plot size for harvesting is 40 m². The experiment is designed in 3 applications. The experimental plots are designed methodically. For investigation the Mosart variety was selected. It originator is HZPC Holland.

The tubers treatment before its planting was made Atonic Plus and Bosfoliar Kelp in rate 0.20 % fertilizer solution.

Soil of the research plot is dark grey opodzolic soil. It has weakly acid reaction of the soil solution (5.20) and low content of the mineral nitrogen (13.4 mg/kg) and high level of the available phosphorus compounds supplying (168 mg/kg) and high level of the available potassium (174 mg/kg) and middle level of the exchangeable calcium (7.42 eq/100 g of soil) and magnesium (1.64 eq/100 g of soil).

In the experiment we use the next fertilizers: ammonium nitrate (ДСТУ 7370:2013), LCF 11-37 (ТУ – 2186-627-00209438-01), potassium sulfate (ГОСТ 4145-74), magnesium sulfate, Bosfoliar Boron (В–21%), Atonic Plus and Basfoliar Kelp according to ISO 9001.

The results and discussion. The dry matter content into tubers for people feed is mediated index for making conclusions about optimization for plant nutrition during its vegetation. So, it can use for characteristic of photosynthesis activity of the leaves. 

In our investigation we can to determine same tendencies. The maximal influence on dry matter yield caused use of the liquid phosphate fertilizers in rate Р₁₀₅ in combination with foliar application by Atonic Plus (9.36 t/ha). It result was more at 47.5 % to control. In variant without foliar application this index was 8.43 t/ha. And with foliar application by Bosfoliar Kelp it was 9.04 t/ha.

The including of the fertilizers that included Ca, Mg, B to system of plant fertilization caused decreasing dry matter yield in comparative to variants where was applied only NPK. In variant with N₁₂₀P₁₀₅K₁₈₀Ca₂₁Mg₁₅B_1,5 it was decreased at 1.05 t/ha without foliar fertilizers application. In variants with fertilizers foliar application was not find essential different.

We were determined positive effect of liquid phosphate fertilizers on starch yield. In variant with P₁₀₅ application on background N₁₂₀K₁₈₀ in combination with foliar application of Atonic Plus starch yield was 6.29 t/ha (it addition to control was 2.98 t/ha). In same variant with foliar application by Bosfoliar Kelp it was 5.84 t/ha (it addition to control was 2.85 t/ha). The different between these variants was 0.45 t/ha. In variant without foliar fertilizers application this index was 5.49 t/ha (it addition to control was 2.40 t/ha).

The vitamin C content in tubers was maximal in variant without fertilizers application (control). It was 10.1 mg% in wet mass. The use of liquid phosphate fertilizers in rate P₁₀₅ without foliar fertilizers application caused starch yield decreasing to 8.93 mg%. In same variant with foliar application by Atonic Plus it was 8.44 mg%. And in same variant with foliar application by Bosfoliar Kelp it was 8.30 mg%. Perhaps, it is caused by “effect of dilution” over considerable tuber yield increasing in researches variants in comparative to control.

Conclusions. The application of LCF 11-37 in rate P₁₀₅ on the background of N₁₂₀K₁₈₀ in combination with foliar fertilizers application by growth-stimulate fertilizers such as Atonic Plus (0.20 % fertilizers solution) caused maximal dry matter yield and starch yield too. The dry matter yield was 9.36 t/ha. And starch yield was 6.29 t/ha.