INFLUENCE OF SYNTHETIC ETHROGENES IN FOOD PRODUCTS ON THE DETOXICATION SYSTEM OF ANIMAL ANIMALS OF DIFFERENT AGE

Abstract

There is a constant synthesis of various hormones in living organisms. They are produced by genital organs, thyroid gland its. Among the hormones a significant role is played by estrogens. The mechanism of action of estrogen is probably based on the stimulation of the synthesis of RNA in the cells and tissues of organs, which leads to a change in the rate and extent of biosynthesis of proteins.

Exoestrogens are substances destroying the functioning of the endocrine system. This is due to the modern living conditions, namely, increased pollution of the atmosphere, malnutrition and other negative factors. Estrogens are classified by the World Health Organization as carcinogens of group I and ones are of considerable interest, because they are found in surface waters around the world and long-term exposure to estrogen-borne water can disrupt the sexual development of living organisms. They are originally contained in food or contaminated by them later. Some food carcinogens may occur during improper cooking (smoking, roasting) and getting into the body with food, exohormones are perceived as their own. There is a violation of homeostasis at their accumulation in the body.

Under optimal conditions, lipid peroxidation processes (LPO) occur in the cell in a balanced way, and the concentration of its products is maintained at a constant low level. There is a violation of homeostasis at their accumulation in the body. In conditions of stress, there is a violation of pro- and antioxidant processes in the cell. Excessive development of free radical processes is hampered by the antioxidant defense system. In the case of the exhaustion of such protective resources, irreversible destruction of lipids, proteins, membrane structures is possible.

The onset of the period of puberty is characterized by a significant increase in the synthesis of estrogen in the ovary as a result of a change in the "adjustment" of the hypothalamus, which "allows" higher concentrations of the hormone in the blood. Increased levels of estrogen circulating in the blood, affects many body systems, resulting in various physiological changes.

Excessive amounts of hormones coming from outside are filtered and processed by the liver that causes exhaustion and adversely affects its work as a whole. Hormones are removed through the kidneys with urine.

The aim of the study was investigating of exoestrogens effects on lipid peroxidation (LDO) and total antioxidant activity (TAOA) in the kidneys and liver of pubertal females rats and sexually mature animals in vivo and in vitro.

For simulate the exogenous estrogen effect in vivo, the food of rats was treated with Sinestrol (meso-3.4-di- (p-oxyphenyl) -hexane) at a rate of 2 μg / kg of weight for 45 days.  At the beginning of the experiment, the age of the experimental animals in puberty was 3 months and sexually mature ones were 6 months. Control groups were consisted by intact animals of the corresponding age.

In vitro, Sinestrol was added to test samples at a concentration of 0.5 nmol / l followed by incubation for 1 hour. To the control samples an appropriate aliquot of the physiological solution was added. 

Indicators of lipid peroxidation processes and total antioxidant activity were determined by the content of TBC-active products. Statistical processing of data was carried out using the application package Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft, USA).

Following studies to determine the effect of exoestrogen exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense status in detoxification organs of rats of different ages, the results were obtained.

The alimentary exposition of estrogens led to an increase in the processes of lipid peroxidation in the organism of the animals in the pubertal period and of mature females. There was a different degree of intensification of peroxidation, depending on age and test organ. In pubertal period fetuses liver the reaction of the prooxidant system exceeds the force of response in organs of sexually mature animals, which is explained by the lability of their biochemical processes. Kidneys were more resistant to exoestrogens.

In vitro estrogens exposure led to the lipid  peroxidation processes reduction in  the examined organs tissues of puberty females and the mature rats by activating the antioxidant system by dint of increasing the thiol groups. The obtained data indicate an antioxidant mechanism of estrogen protection that does not depend on receptor binding: estrogen effects at the cellular level are associated with intracellular signaling pathways and antioxidant enzymes.

Obviously, in vitro, the antioxidant phenol structure of the estrogen phenol dominates; whereas at in vivo administration biotransformation depending on age and dose occurs with subsequent prooxidant effects in addition to the antioxidant structures. The effects severity is higher at fetuses in puberty compared with the sexually mature rats, both in vitro and in vivo, indicating the existence of specific age-related physiological conditions determining the high sensitivity to exogenous estrogen-like compounds.

As a conclusion, pubertal females are susceptible to the exoestrogens, proving that age is another factor in the xenoestrogens exposure. Due to changes in the rate of detoxification pathway reactions, and not in the metabolism in estrogen entering the body, in particular with food, animals may become less sensitive to the effects of these substances with age.

In the kidneys and liver of experimental groups of females finding reduction of antioxidant protection potential testifies on the risk of  the developing disorders of the detoxification system functioning. This can lead to the accumulation of free radicals, which are the triggers for disturbing the homeostasis in the body.

In analyzing the data obtained during the influence of exogenous estrogen on the nutritional load, as a negative factor for the excretion organs, it can be assumed that in the future such shifts can become a trigger for reducing the potential of the compensatory mechanisms, in particular adaptation, which is an important pathogenic link in the development of diseases in the organs of detoxification, and the body as a whole.