Justification of the loss factor of root vegetables of chicory in the process of digging out

Abstract

The creation of working bodies that would provide minimal damage and satisfactory completeness of root crops is an urgent scientific task.

The dimensional-mass parameters and characteristics of the root crops of chicory, as an element of the kinematic-dynamic system (functional model), "root-soil environment-working body", are among the defining indices for the justification of technological processes and structural and kinematic parameters of working bodies of machines.

Loss of chicory root crops during their digging can arise at the expense of fracturing some of the root crops that occur in the soil environment.

The timely harvesting of chicory root crops in optimal agrotechnical terms for minimal losses and lowest labor costs is one of the important modern problems of the development of root cropping machines. The main reason for the decline in chicory production is the inadequacy of the technique for their collection and the non-compliance of the quality indicators of its work with agrotechnical requirements.

At the same time, there are significant technological capacities and scientific prerequisites for the development of combined miners, which will provide an increase in technical and economic indicators of industrial production of root cocci root crops.

The losses of root crops that arise during digging by a combine for a certain period of time are described as the coefficient of loss of root crops chicory. At the same time, its quantitative value will be expressed as the ratio of the total mass of the lost (unassembled) parts of the root crops to the total mass of the excavated root crops, where - the loss factor for a certain period of digging,%; , - the total mass of dug roots and the total mass of unassembled (lost) parts of root crops for a certain period of digging, kg; - total number of excavated root crops for a certain period of time of excavation, units; - total number of unpatched (lost) parts of roots for a certain period of time of excavation, pcs.

We accept the basic assumption that the rootstock has a spatial shape and consists of a head 1 (Fig. 1a) and a body 2 formed by a straight circular cone that has a caudal part of the body of the root, while imposing the following restrictions and assumptions: head 1 of the root of chicory in the first variant has a hemisphere whose volume is - and in the second - the shape of the cut hemisphere, whose volume - and the center of the hemisphere coincides with the center of the base (circle) of the cone in diameter; the fracture plane of the caudal part of the body 2 of the root crop, which is limited by a circle whose diameter is (Fig. 1a), in the first case, is parallel to the plane of the cone base, which is limited by a circle whose diameter is; the plane of fracture of the caudal part of the body 2 of the root crop, which is limited by the ellipse, has a small and large axis of which and (Fig. 1b) in the second case may be located relative to the plane of the base of the cone at an angle where the plus sign means the direction of the fracture upward relative to the cone axis, and the minus sign is down relative to the cone axis.

After expressing the invisible characteristics of the root crop, and because of the imaginary dimensional parameters of the root crops and the theoretical substantiation of the total number of diced chicory root crops and the total number of broken and non-dug tail parts of the body of root crops or lost root crops for a certain period of the technological process of the operation of the combined digger, the final dependencies were obtained for determining the coefficient Chicken root crop losses for two variants and cases.

The dependence of Chicken root crop losses coefficient changes on the length of breakage of the tail of the root body and the coefficient of the number of broken pieces of the excavated root crops of chicory.

The analysis of the dependences of changes in the coefficient of loss of root crops chicory, depending on the angle of the fracture shows that with an increase in the angle of the fracture coefficient increases, and their significant increase (within 2,0 ... 3,0%) occurs in the length of the fracture of the tail section of more than 10 cm and the coefficient of quantity broken caudal parts more than 0,3. The functional dependence of the change in the coefficient of loss of root crops chicory, depending on the angle of the break of the tail part, for the second case has a reversible nature - with the increase of the angle of the tail fracture, the loss factor decreases, with a significant decrease (within the range of 1.5 ... 2.0%) due to the length of the fracture more than 10 sm.

After determining the coefficients, checking the adequacy of the selected model and estimating the statistical significance of the coefficients of the regression equation, the final form of the regression equation for changes in the coefficient of root crop losses was obtained for three dimensional groups of root diameter.

According to the results of the differences between the analytical and empirical models, it can be argued that theoretical mathematical models (13) and (14) that describe the nature of the change in the coefficient of chicory root crop losses, are adequate to the actual existing process, or reliably describe the process of digestion of chicory root crops, taking into account the formalization of the object research and could, along with the obtained empirical regression equation (14) - (16) to be used for further study structural and kinematic parameters combined digger.