Molecular phylogenetic analysis of rare sileneae species of the Ukrainian flora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.03.002Abstract
The tribe Sileneae DC. (Caryophyllaceae) is estimated to contain 59 species in the Ukrainian flora, seven of which are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009). Some of these taxa still do not have any registered sequences in the GenBank.
The aim of the present study is to infer phylogenetic relationships of Ukrainian rare species within the Sileneae tribe from nucleotide variation in the nrDNA.
ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions were sequenced for 11 taxa (12 sequences in total): Lychnis chalcedonica L., L. flos-cuculi L., Silene baccifera (L.) Roth, S. chlorantha (Willd.) Ehrh., S. cretacea Fisch. ex Spreng., S. frivaldszkyana Hampe (2 sequences), S. sytnikii Krytzka, Novosad et Protopopova, S. syreistschikowii P. Smirn., S. supina M. Bieb., S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, and S. zawadzkii Herbich. In addition to the obtained nrDNA fragments, 39 sequences of Sileneae were imported from GenBank. Agrostemma githago L. JN589107 was used as an outgroup. In total, 51 sequences were used to reconstruct the phylogeny using Bayesian inference.
In the obtained phylogenetic tree, five major branches are observed: Atocion, Viscaria, Heliosperma, Lychnis, and Silene. Two rare species – Atocion lithuanicum (Zapał.) Tzvel. and A. hypanicum (Klok.) Tzvel. – are placed within Atocion clade. Endemic Heliosperma carpaticum (Zapał.) Klok. is sister to H. alpestre (Jacq.) Griseb. Viscaria and Lychnis clades do not contain any rare taxa. Four subclades are observed in Silene. The Carpathian endemic Silene zawadzkii (=Silenanthe zawadzkii (Herbich) Griseb. et Schenk, = Elisanthe zawadzkii (Herbich) Klok.) is sister to S. viscosa Pers. (=Carpophora viscosa (L.) Tzvelev, = Elisanthe viscosa (L.) Rupr.), but not to S. noctiflora (=Elisanthe noctiflora (L.) Willk.) and is nested within the second subclade of Silene. Other rare taxa are placed within the fourth subclade. Endemic to Eastern Crimea S. syreistschikowii forms a clade with closely related S. supina M. Bieb. Sister to them is S. cappadocica Boiss. & Heldr., which belongs to the same section Spergulifoliae Boiss. Widely distributed species in Southern Europe, but rare in Ukraine S. viridiflora L. has sister relationship to S. nutans L.; S. italica (L.) Pers. and S. nemoralis Waldst. & Kit. are also related to them. These four species belong to Silene sect. Siphonomorpha Otth. Ukrainian local endemic species S. sytnikii forms a single clade with Balkanian S. frivaldszkyana Hampe. Rare species S. cretacea is, surprisingly, sister to a group of taxa with small unisexual flowers from the sect. Otites (Adans.) Otth, but with low posterior probability.
Keywords: Caryophyllaceae, Silene, Atocion, ITS, Bayesian inference
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