Features of the use of radioactive contaminated soils in agricultural production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.03.003Abstract
The main radionuclides that determine the radiation state of contaminated area are 137Cs and 90Sr at the later stage of the Chornobyl accident. In human body, they get along with food: as a result of their transition from soil to plants.
The amount of radioactive substances released from the soil in the plant depends on the contamination of the territory, the type of soil, the supply of its elements of the feed, the type of its cultivation, the type of plant, weather conditions, the intensity of biomass accumulation. Taking into account these factors it is of great practical importance in predicting the accumulation of radionuclides.
Since stationary research was carried out on a territory that was withdrawn from agricultural use in 1986 and year, data on the type of soil and its main agrochemical characteristics were absent. Therefore, agrochemical analysis of soils was carried out before laying experiments.
As a result of laboratory agrochemical studies for establishing the basic agrochemical characteristics of the studied soils, it has been found that they have such indicators:
1) physical properties of the soil (layer of 0-20 cm): specific mass – 2,62 g/cm3; density (volume mass) – 1,46 g/cm3; lowest moisture content – 15,33 %; total water capacity – 27,65 %; moisture reserves with the least moisture content – 23,42 %; available moisture reserves – 20,47 %; the content of physical clay – 12,21 %;
2) chemical properties: the content of humus (0-10 cm layer of soil) – 1,79 %; pH of the salt – 6.23; saturation basics – 4,54 %; hydrolytic acidity – 1,6; the content of moving aluminum – 0,23 mg/100 g of soil; calcium content – 0,87 mg/100 g of soil; phosphorus content – 17,36 mg/100 g of soil; Potassium content – 1,78 mg/100 g of soil.
According to physical and chemical properties, the soil fully corresponds to the most common soddy podzolic soils in Polissya area.
In order to determine the radiological characteristics of the soil, the distribution of the specific activity of 137Cs on the soil profile.
It is evident from the data that the largest specific activity of 137Cs is concentrated in a layer of soil 0 ... 10 and 0 ... 20 cm, which is affected by 45.3 and 40% of the activity of 137Cs. In the layer 20 ... 30 cm concentrated only 12% of the total specific activity of 137Cs. In layers of 30 ... 60 cm, the activity of 137Cs is less than one percent, and only traces are observed in the soil layer from 60 to 100 cm.
Thus, we can conclude that this type of soil is characterized by a high sorption ability, which characterizes the weak migration of 137Cs by soil profile. The greatest negative factor in this is the concentration of radionuclide in the upper - arable layer of soil, making it the most accessible to the root system of plants.
Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the morphological features of plants, and especially to the depth of occurrence of roots, and the type of root system, which determines the intensity of absorption of 137Cs.
Key words: sod-podzolic soapstone soils, agrochemical soil studies, radiological characteristics of soil, migration of 137Cs
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