Adaptive potential of soybean varieties in transition to organic farming
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.03.012Abstract
The article highlights the problems of selection variety of soya in the transition period to the organic production. The authors found that the strategy of transition to organic production should be based on measures that increase the stability of crops to the variability of the environment. The increase of adaptive potential of soybean crops in conditions of transition to organic farming due to the correct selection of crops was considered. The analysis of the adaptive potential of soybean varieties was carried out taking into account the following indices: yield, stability of the varietal productivity for different values of average daily temperature and rainfall, and the competitiveness of varieties for weed vegetation.
Methods: field, laboratory, analytical, statistical. Field experiment was conducted in the forest-steppe zone based on the Skvira research station for organic production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS in 2015-2016.
Results. The study used soy varieties - Siverka, Vilshanka, Mavka, Suziria, Legend, Biljavka, Annushka. Were analyzed the economic-valuable signs of the seven studied soybean varieties.
Has been estimated the influence of weed vegetation on soybean varieties of Ukrainian selection in conditions of transition to organic farming. Has been found the adaptive potential of soybean varieties at presence of change the water-temperature regime. Is highlighted the correlation between yield and economic and valuable indicators of soybean varieties.
According to the results of a study of seven Ukrainian soybean varieties have possessed the best adaptive potential in organic farming Suziria, Mavka and Vilshanka. These varieties, although they had lower yields than potentially possible, however, showed consistent productivity during the study period.
The highest resistance to segetal vegetation was demonstrated by crops of varieties Mavka, Annushka, Vilshanka and Suziria.
The least productive and the most vulnerable to biotic and abiotic factors were sorts - Siverka and Biliavka. Such results are due to the fact that the recommended zone for the cultivation of these varieties is the Steppe zone of Ukraine. These results show once again that organic soybean regionalization of soybeans deserves special attention.
Key words: soy, adaptability, variety, organic farming, transitional period
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